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Spinal Conditions

Spinal Conditions. Chapter 9. Spinal Column. Cervical 7 vertebrae Thoracic 12 vertebrae Lumbar 5 vertebrae Sacral 5 fused vertebrae Coccygeal 4 small fused vertebrae. Vertebrae. Body Vertebral arch Several bony processes Articular processes (facet joints) Pedicles.

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Spinal Conditions

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  1. Spinal Conditions Chapter 9

  2. Spinal Column • Cervical 7 vertebrae • Thoracic 12 vertebrae • Lumbar 5 vertebrae • Sacral 5 fused vertebrae • Coccygeal 4 small fused vertebrae

  3. Vertebrae • Body • Vertebral arch • Several bony processes • Articular processes (facet joints) • Pedicles

  4. Intervertebral Discs • Fibrocartilaginous • Annulus Fibrosus • Nucleous Pulposus (gelatinous) • Poor circulatory supply

  5. Ligaments of the Spine • Anterior Longitudinal Ligaments • Posterior Longitudinal Ligaments • Supraspinous Ligament • Ligamentum Flavum

  6. Muscles of the Spine • Erector Spinae muscles • Provide: • Lateral flexion • Lateral rotation • Flexion • Extension

  7. Spinal Nerves • 31 pairs emanate from the cord • Cervical 8 pairs • Thoracic 12 pairs • Lumbar 5 pairs • Sacral 5 pairs • Coccygeal 1 pair

  8. Brachial Plexus • C5 – T1 nerve roots • Innervate: • Arm • Forearm • Hand

  9. Lumbar Plexus • T12 – L5 nerve roots • Innervate: • Quadriceps • Adductor muscle group

  10. Sacral Plexus • L4 – L5 • Innervate: • Muscles of the Buttocks • Posterior muscles of the lower leg • Anterior muscles of the lower leg • Lateral muscles of the lower leg

  11. Anatomical Variations • Kyphosis- Accentuation of the thoracic curve • Scoliosis- Lateral curve of the spine • Lordosis- Abnormal exaggeration of the lumbar curve

  12. Cervical Spine Injuries • Cervical Sprains • Cervical Strains • Cervical Spinal Stenosis • Spear Tacklers Spine • Cervical Fractures and Dislocations

  13. Cervical Spine Injuries cont. • Brachial Plexus Injuries • Acute Burners or Stingers • Chronic Burners or Stingers • Suprascapular Nerve Injury

  14. Thoracic Spine Injuries • Thoracic Contusions, Strains, and Sprains • Thoracic Spinal Fractures and Apophysis • Scheurmann’s Disease • Spondylolisthesis

  15. Lumbar Spine Injuries • Lumbar Contusions, Strains, and Sprains • Low Back Pain • Sciatica • Lumbar Disc Injuries • Lumbar Fractures and Dislocations

  16. Sacrum and Coccyx Injuries • Sacroiliac Joint Sprain • ASIS • PSIS • Sacrotuberous ligament • Sacrospinous ligament • Coccygodynia • Direct blow to coccyx causing fracture or contusion to the area causing pain to the nerves.

  17. Evaluation • HOPS • Active motion should not be performed when there is pain over the vertebrae or when there are motor or sensory deficits noted. • Palpation- Warning signs should include temperature, swelling, point tenderness, deformity, crepitus, muscle spasm, and cutaneous sensation.

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