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Safe Use of Cockpit Automation Prepared by: Michael G. Gaffney, MCFI, MGI March 29, 2010

Safe Use of Cockpit Automation Prepared by: Michael G. Gaffney, MCFI, MGI March 29, 2010 Prepared for: Sun N Fun FAA Safety Forum FAA Production Studio. How do we safely take advantage of all this great technology?. Michael G. Gaffney Flightlogics Aviation Consulting Melbourne, FL

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Safe Use of Cockpit Automation Prepared by: Michael G. Gaffney, MCFI, MGI March 29, 2010

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  1. Safe Use of Cockpit Automation Prepared by: Michael G. Gaffney, MCFI, MGI March 29, 2010 Prepared for: Sun N Fun FAA Safety Forum FAA Production Studio

  2. How do we safely take advantage of all this great technology? Michael G. Gaffney Flightlogics Aviation Consulting Melbourne, FL 2007 National Flight Instructor of the Year Four (4) time Master CFI Two (2)time Master Ground Instructor

  3. Evolution of General Aviation is Underway

  4. Panel Configurations

  5. Many of us were taught to fly in these… OR 1969 Citabria 1976 Cessna C172

  6. Now we are flying in this… Cirrus with Avidyne Entegra

  7. Or this… Cirrus with Avidyne Release 9

  8. Or This… Cirrus with Garmin Perspective

  9. Or even a simple LSA… The Cessna Skycatcher

  10. Tale of the GA Training Cockpit Cockpit Safety starts with the fundamentals of how we train

  11. Speed Relativity – Base 60 cockpit math Can you keep up with the speed and technology of your mission platform? Cessna 122 knots Diamond 138 Knots Fly the aircraft first always, regardless of the mission Quest Kodiak 155 Knots Cirrus 170 Knots Aircraft Transition Path from Training to Mission Platform Mooney 170 Knots Cessna Corvalis 400 225 Knots Diamond DJet 325 knots

  12. Instructional emphasis in the limited number of hours an instructor has with a student OR OR

  13. The answer is that instructors and students must master all 3!But How?

  14. Pilot and instructor skills must evolve with technology • Master Automation Operation • Disciplined Schooling • Understand Digital Appliances • New Techniques • Constant evaluation of options available

  15. The TechnologiesWe Must Master

  16. The GNS 430 – The Cockpit Automation Genesis

  17. Glass PFD

  18. The Global Positioning System A pilot must have at least 5 of the 24 satellites tuned in to fly an instrument approach GPS Constellation is designed so there are at least 4 satellites visible anywhere on earth

  19. NAV System Course Widths Destination Localizer Approach Phase .3 nm VOR 7 nm Terminal Phase 1.0 nm 30 nm Enroute Phase 5.0 nm 10 ° 2.5 °

  20. Knobology The GNS 430 and the G1000 use the same “Super-knob” style FMS

  21. Navigation on GNS 430

  22. GNS 430: How to use more than one?

  23. The G1000 – How to Step up

  24. G1000 MFD Menu Navigation Tells you what page You are on Scroll with Outer Knob Map WPT AUX NRST FPL Traffic Airport Trip Planning Airport Current FPL Stormscope Intersect Utility Intersect Catalog Twist with Inner Knob Weather NDB GPS Status NDB VNAV Terrain VOR System Setup VOR User Defined XM Subscribe User Defined LRU Status

  25. Conventional and Glass Flight Instruments

  26. Importance of Color Coding Magenta = GPS Derived White= Standby CYAN = Reference Yellow= Caution RED = Warning Green = Active

  27. How the Pieces of the System Play Together

  28. The Avidyne Entegra – Schematic of an Analog System

  29. Generation 2 -G1000 System Digital Components With GFC 700 Autopilot

  30. GRS 77 AHRS Unit- Attitude Heading Reference Unit Processing GPS #1 GPS #2 Air Data Computer #2 Air Data Computer #1 Magnetometer #1 Magnetometer #2 AHRS #1 AHRS #2 Ethernet Data Bus GIA 63 #1 GIA 63 #2

  31. GDC 74 Air Data Computer Unit(s) GIA 63 #1 GIA 63 #2 Air Data Computer #1 Air Data Computer #2 Airframe Pitot Tube Outside Air Temp (OAT) Probe Airframe Static Port Outside Air Temp (OAT) Probe

  32. Three Autopilots found in GA Aircraft • S-TEC 55 • Bendix-King-Honeywell • KAP140 • Garmin GFC 700 • Integrated Digital Autopilot

  33. Keys to Understanding and Keeping up with Technology • Know your equipment- blindfolded • Diligent training using realistic scenarios • Develop Aeronautical Decision Making (ADM) skills • Approach every operation with Risk Management in mind • Single Pilot Resources Management (SRM) • Maintain an inclusive Scanflow • Use all available tools to maintain situational awareness

  34. Putting itAll Together

  35. Single Pilot Resources Management • Without a crewmember, a pilot is forced to rely on their own ability to manage the aircraft and any emergency situations that arise during flight

  36. Personal Minimums Decision Making

  37. The Art of Managing a Busy Cockpit “What will Happen?” Planning and Contingent Planning “What is Happening?” Situational Awareness “What do I do about it?” Aeronautical Decision Making “Go back and modify the plan”

  38. Scanflow cockpit management to stay ahead of the aircraft Primary Flight Display (PFD) (Flight Parameter Adherence) Outside the Aircraft (Traffic and Terrain Avoidance Multi Function Display (MFD) (Electronic Situational Awareness NEXRAD, Stormscope, Traffic, Terrain, cabin entertainment) Chores (Checklist, engine monitor, Chart management, passenger briefings, baby sit autopilot)

  39. Examples of Cockpit Distractions :35 Multi Function Display (MFD) (Electronic Situational Awareness NEXRAD, Stormscope, Traffic, Terrain, cabin entertainment)

  40. Scan Flow

  41. A Word About The Future

  42. NEXTGEN Architecture The NEXTGEN system will revolutionize how aircraft and the ground interoperate

  43. NEXTGEN Air to Ground Network Connectivity Agents Architecture (NAGNAA) Clearance Weather Traffic TCAS Planning Options

  44. Prototyping using Simulation Airbus A380 Level D Flight Simulator used for Prototyping Scenarios to test cognitive design

  45. External Data Feeds Unified-Digitized ATC clearances and ATC delay information Navigation data Communication data (digitized) ACARS company dispatch data Weather forecasts and onscreen radar data Traffic conflict and resolution data Terminal Procedures Onscreen charts and updates Airport and Taxi data Company procedures and checklists Aircraft technical data and manuals

  46. Digital Flight Management Systems Garmin G3000 Touch Screen Digital Flight Management System

  47. Conclusion Evolution of technology will continue at its blistering pace The pilot and the instructor must maintain proficiency over the all three aspects of Training; Flight Skills, Technology Management, and Systems Understanding Safe use of cockpit technology remains an issue of distraction and complacency management Always fly the aircraft first but know your technology and how it can help you

  48. Questions?

  49. Thank you! Michael G. Gaffney, Lead Technical Consultant of Flightlogics Aviation Consulting of Melbourne, Florida, is a 4 time Master Flight Instructor (MCFI) and a two time Master Ground Instructor (MGI). He was named the 2007 National Flight Instructor of the Year by the Federal Aviation Administration and the General Aviation Awards executive committee. He was also awarded the 2007 NATA Excellence in Aviation Training Award.

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