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Explore the key concepts of biological sex, including chromosomal sex, gonadal/hormonal sex, and genital sex. Learn about the problematic X chromosome and sex-linked traits. Understand the development of gonads and the role of hormones. Discover the Adam and Eve principles and their impact on sexual characteristics.
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Biological DifferencesChromosomal SexGonadal/Hormonal SexGenital Sex
KEY CONCEPTS • Chromosomal Sex • The Basics: 46 Chromosomes, Two Sex Chromosomes, X’s And Y’s • Andosperm, Gynosperm, And “Predicting Sex” • The Problematic X Chromosome • Sex-Linked Traits • Gonadal Sex • The Indifferent Gonad • Gonadal Development • Mullerian Ducts--Ovaries and Wolffian Ducts—Testes • Hormonal Sex • The Adam Principle and the Eve Principle • Testosterone (and MIS) and Estrogen • Sex-Limited Characteristics
Ovum Sperm Each contributes 23 chromosomes for a total of 46 Always an X An X or a Y
X Chromosome Y Chromosome
XX - Female XY - Male
Ovum Sperm Y-Andosperm X-Gynosperm Each contributes 23 chromosomes for a total of 46 Always an X An X or a Y
XX - Female XY - Male THE PROBLEMATIC X CHROMOSOME Pathological Sex-Linked Traits Hemophilia • Color Blindness • Muscular Dystrophy
KEY CONCEPTS • Chromosomal Sex • The Basics: 46 Chromosomes, Two Sex Chromosomes, X’s And Y’s • Andosperm, Gynosperm, And “Predicting Sex” • The Problematic X Chromosome • Sex-Linked Traits • Gonadal Sex • The Indifferent Gonad • Gonadal Development • Mullerian Ducts--Ovaries and Wolffian Ducts—Testes • Hormonal Sex • The Adam Principle and the Eve Principle • Testosterone (and MIS) and Estrogen • Sex-Limited Characteristics
INDIFFERENT GONAD Gonads Wolffian Duct Müllerian Duct Testosterone MIS Nothing Happens Adam Principle Eve Principle MALE GONAD FEMALE GONAD
SEXUAL DEVELOPMENT TIMETABLE BY GENDER
Concepts/Terms You Should Know Today Sex Gonadal Sex Chromosomal Sex Hormonal Sex Genital Sex Hermaphroditism Transsexualism Gender Identity Identity Salience Gender Roles Stereotype Androgyny Masculine v. Feminine Sexuality Sexual Roles Sexual Orientation Gender Statistical Significance Substantive Significance X/Y Chromosomes Andosperm Gynosperm Fertilization Timing Sex-Linked Traits Sex-Limited Traits Recessive X Hemophilia Color Blindness Indifferent Gonad Testosterone Estrogen Adam and Eve Principles Mullerian Inhibiting Substance (MIS) Wolffian Duct System Mullerian Duct System Genital Tubercle Genital Groove Labioscrotal Swelling