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Nucleic acids store information in their sequences of chemical units

DNA, the building blocks of life, store genetic information in nucleotide sequences. Learn about DNA structure, base pairing rules, and how this double helix shape directs protein synthesis.

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Nucleic acids store information in their sequences of chemical units

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  1. Nucleic acids store information in their sequences of chemical units Concept 11.2

  2. The Building Blocks of DNA • DNA stores heritable genetic information (all of the instructions for making proteins in the body) • DNA is a polymer made of monomers called nucleotides. • DNA nucleotides have three parts: • Sugar called “deoxyribose” • Phosphate group • Nitrogenous base

  3. There are four bases in DNA • Adenine (A) • Thymine (T) • Guanine (G) • Cytosine (C)

  4. Nucleotides are joined to one another by covalent bonds. The sugar and phosphate make the “backbone” of the molecule. The bases are lined up along the sugars on the backbone DNA strands

  5. The Order of the Bases • The order of the bases contains the message for making and controlling our bodies. • The order of these bases is (from left to right) C T G C T A T C G

  6. DNA Structure • The DNA molecule is in a shape called a “double helix” • A double helix is two DNA strands wound around one another to make a spiral shape.

  7. Complementary Base Pairing Rules • The bases pair together through hydrogen bonds. • Only the following pairings can be made: • Adenine pairs with Thymine • Cytosine pairs with Guanine

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