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Approaches to decrease nutrient pollution in agriculture of Ukraine: reality and perspectives

WORKSHOP “AGRICULTURAL POLLUTION CONTROL – GOOD PRACTICES”. Approaches to decrease nutrient pollution in agriculture of Ukraine: reality and perspectives. 17.09.2002 – 20.09-2002 PRZYSIEK, POLAND. WORKSHOP: “AGRICULTURAL POLLUTION CONTROL – GOOD PRACTICES”.

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Approaches to decrease nutrient pollution in agriculture of Ukraine: reality and perspectives

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  1. WORKSHOP • “AGRICULTURAL POLLUTION CONTROL – GOOD PRACTICES” Approaches to decrease nutrient pollution in agriculture of Ukraine: reality and perspectives • 17.09.2002 – 20.09-2002 • PRZYSIEK, POLAND

  2. WORKSHOP: “AGRICULTURAL POLLUTION CONTROL – GOOD PRACTICES” Approaches to decrease nutrient pollution in agriculture of Ukraine: reality and perspectives • 17.09.2002 – 20.09-2002 • PRZYSIEK, POLAND • UKRAINIAN LAW • 2nd of March, 1995 • ABOUT PESTICIDES AND AGROCHEMICALS • AGROCHEMICALS: organic, mineral and bacterial fertilizers; chemical soil land • melioration as well as plant growth regulators and other matters, which can improve soilfertility, crop capacity and improvement of plant foodquality. • PESTICIDES: toxic matters or mixtures of chemical or biological origin which are used against different harmfulorganisms for plants, animals and human. • MAIN DIRECTIONS: • General official trials of pesticides and agrochemicals • Official state registration of pesticides and agrochemicals • Ways of using of pesticides and agrochemicals • Requirements to producing, transportation, storage, application and utilization • State policy to supervise and state control

  3. WORKSHOP: “AGRICULTURAL POLLUTION CONTROL – GOOD PRACTICES” Approaches to decrease nutrient pollution in agriculture of Ukraine: reality and perspectives • 17.09.2002 – 20.09-2002 • PRZYSIEK, POLAND • OTHER UKRAINIAN LAWS • Code Of Waters In Ukraine • 6th of June, 1995 • Code Of Lands In Ukraine • 25th of October, 2001 • About National Program to develop water economy • 17th of January, 2002

  4. WORKSHOP: “AGRICULTURAL POLLUTION CONTROL – GOOD PRACTICES” Approaches to decrease nutrient pollution in agriculture of Ukraine: reality and perspectives • 17.09.2002 – 20.09-2002 • PRZYSIEK, POLAND • DOCUMENTS FROM CABINET OF MINISTRY • IN UKRAINE • About state supervision and state control of observance of pesticides and agrochemicals legislation(19th of February, 1996) • Procedure for monitoring of monitoring in Ukraine(20th of July, 1996) • Concept of conservation and reproducing of natural environment around the Black Sea and the Azov Sea(10th of July, 1998) • Integrated program to protect waters from pollutionoriginating from rural areas and agricultural lands in Ukraine in 2001-2005 and prognosis to 2010 (26th of July, 2000)

  5. WORKSHOP: “AGRICULTURAL POLLUTION CONTROL – GOOD PRACTICES” Approaches to decrease nutrient pollution in agriculture of Ukraine: reality and perspectives • 17.09.2002 – 20.09-2002 • PRZYSIEK, POLAND • DOCUMENT FROM MINISTRY OF ECOLOGY AND NATURAL RESOURCES OF UKRAINE • To appoint list of research institutions to carry out state trials of pesticides and agrochemicals • 9th of February, 2001

  6. WORKSHOP: “AGRICULTURAL POLLUTION CONTROL – GOOD PRACTICES” Approaches to decrease nutrient pollution in agriculture of Ukraine: reality and perspectives • 17.09.2002 – 20.09-2002 • PRZYSIEK, POLAND WATERS AND LANDS POLLUTION IN UKRAINE • POLLUTION OF WATERS • For river waters is distinctivevery high level of pollution with mineral forms of nitrogen. General vewing during the last 10 years showed decreasing of levels of nitrogen pollution but it is quite high. • AZOV SEA • There is a situation of increasing of mineral nitrogen in the Azov sea area. There is a situation of high level of mineralization in waters aroud of the Azov sea. Contents of nitrogen compounds is also very high (in 2000): • for NH4 compounds - from 1 to 9 times of MPC (maximum permissible concentration) • for NO2 compounds – from 1 to 34 times of MPC • Contents of nitrogen compounds in the Azov sea is low – less than 1 MPC. • Contents of petroleum products in the waters – from 1 to 2 MPC. • Contents of phenolic compounds – about 3 MPC.

  7. WORKSHOP: “AGRICULTURAL POLLUTION CONTROL – GOOD PRACTICES” Approaches to decrease nutrient pollution in agriculture of Ukraine: reality and perspectives • 17.09.2002 – 20.09-2002 • PRZYSIEK, POLAND WATERS AND LANDS POLLUTION IN UKRAINE • POLLUTION OF WATERS • BLACK SEA • The biggest pollution is observed with petroleum products – from 1 to 4.6 MPC. • Contents of phenolic compounds is also very high – from 3 to 5 MPC. • It is connected with very high level of technogenic influences. • Contents of nitrogen compounds is not so high (in 2000): • for NH4 compounds – less than 1 MPC. • for NO2 compounds – less than 1 MPC. • There is some increasing in contents of pesticide pollution in the Black Sea for chlorine-organic compounds.

  8. WORKSHOP: “AGRICULTURAL POLLUTION CONTROL – GOOD PRACTICES” Approaches to decrease nutrient pollution in agriculture of Ukraine: reality and perspectives • 17.09.2002 – 20.09-2002 • PRZYSIEK, POLAND WATERS AND LANDS POLLUTION IN UKRAINE STRUCTURE AND POLLUTION OF LANDS IN UKRAINE • The whole amount of lands was 60355 000 ha • which was ap. 0.4% of the whole lands in the world. • Lands for agriculture using in Ukraine - >71%which • includes arable lands 54% of the whole lands in Ukraine • During 1999 – 2000 years in Ukraine the whole amount of lands for agriculture using in comparing with situation in 1991 was decreased on 246 000 ha, including 106 000 ha arable lands.

  9. WORKSHOP: “AGRICULTURAL POLLUTION CONTROL – GOOD PRACTICES” Approaches to decrease nutrient pollution in agriculture of Ukraine: reality and perspectives • 17.09.2002 – 20.09-2002 • PRZYSIEK, POLAND WATERS AND LANDS POLLUTION IN UKRAINE STRUCTURE AND POLLUTION OF LANDS IN UKRAINE • Monitoring data as provided by Ministry of Agriculture in Ukraine • as well as by Institute of Agroecology and Biotechnology: • in 1990 there were used in Ukraine 4.2 millions tones mineral fertilizers(in active substance), i.e. ap. 141 kg per 1 ha • in 1990 there were used 108 000 tones of pesticides , i.e. 3.2 kg per 1 ha • in 2000 there were used in Ukraine 279 thousands tones (in active substance), i.e. ap. 13 kg per 1 ha – in ap. 10 times less • in 2000 there wereused 13 500 tones of pesticides , i.e. 0.4 kg per 1 ha– in ap. 8 times less

  10. WORKSHOP: “AGRICULTURAL POLLUTION CONTROL – GOOD PRACTICES” Approaches to decrease nutrient pollution in agriculture of Ukraine: reality and perspectives • 17.09.2002 – 20.09-2002 • PRZYSIEK, POLAND WATERS AND LANDS POLLUTION IN UKRAINE STRUCTURE AND POLLUTION OF LANDS IN UKRAINE • Monitoring data as provided by Ministry of Agriculture in Ukraine • as well as by Institute of Agroecology and Biotechnology: • Our preliminary results showed decreasing pesticides and nitrates pollution levels both in soil and food (other forms of nitrogen substancies are not dangerous when are in soils due to microbiological activity). • But there are some specific features for the decreasing processes: • low intensity of decreasing of nitrates in soils are detected • sometimes (depends from region of Ukraine) increasing of nitrates amounts in surface and drinking waters are observed (the same time using of mineral fertilizers are crucially decreased) • arising of very stable chlorine-organic substancies derived from pesticides or increased levels were detected.

  11. WORKSHOP: “AGRICULTURAL POLLUTION CONTROL – GOOD PRACTICES” Approaches to decrease nutrient pollution in agriculture of Ukraine: reality and perspectives • 17.09.2002 – 20.09-2002 • PRZYSIEK, POLAND WATERS AND LANDS POLLUTION IN UKRAINE STRUCTURE AND POLLUTION OF LANDS IN UKRAINE • In Ukraine the whole amount of agricultural lands polluted with radionucleotides is more than 6700 000 ha. They include: • with pollution ab. 1 Ku per sq. km – 5600 000 ha • with pollution ab. 1-5 Ku per sq. km – 1000 000 ha • with pollution ab. 5-15 Ku per sq. km – 100 000 ha • with pollution ab. >15 Ku per sq. km – 27 000 ha • Chornobyl Zone is 58 000 ha. • Our investigations on detecting radionuclides in food showed increasedlevels in various regions of Ukrainian Polissya, especially in milk and meat. We suppose such situation is a result of shrinking land meliorationactivities and decreasing use of fertilizers:Cs ione is an analoge of K ione and can compensate its absence.

  12. INSTITUTE OF AGROECOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY Multiple Agroecological Monitoring Sustainable Agroecosystems Modeling and predicting to develop Agroecosystems Modern Agrobiotechnologies

  13. INSTITUTE OF AGROECOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY STAGES OF AGROECOLOGICAL RESEARCH IN UKRAINE Monitoring of Phytobiota Monitoring of Land Using Monitoring of Soil Microbiota Monitoring of ChemicalCompounds inSoils Biocenosis (natural and agro) Soil Water Resources Monitoring of Phytoviruses Monitoring of Radioactive Elements Natural and Anthropogenic Complex with the Same Geological and Morphological Constructs as well as Climatic Conditions

  14. WORKSHOP: “AGRICULTURAL POLLUTION CONTROL – GOOD PRACTICES” Approaches to decrease nutrient pollution in agriculture of Ukraine: reality and perspectives • 17.09.2002 – 20.09-2002 • PRZYSIEK, POLAND WORKSHOP: “AGRICULTURAL POLLUTION CONTROL – GOOD PRACTICES” Approaches to decrease nutrient pollution • Studying of microbe ecology in soils to increase biological activity of soils • Extended system to use biotic complexes in agriculture • Improvement of Nutrient Management system which should include also specificity of social structure in rural area • Implementation of Good Agricultural Practice

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