Chapter 25: Other Punctuation

1. Chapter 25: Other Punctuation The Period • Periods can be used in two ways: 1. Use a period to mark the end of a sentence. Examples: • With the windows down, Craig and I drove down a tree-lined street. • I would love to come to your house for dinner. 2. Use a period after abbreviations: Examples: • Dr. Giannone • Paul Smith, Sr. • 10:00 P.M. • Notes: • a. If a sentence ends with a period marking an abbreviation, do not add a second period • b. Except for abbreviation in courtesy titles, do not abbreviate words in your papers .

2. Chapter 25: Other Punctuation The Question Mark • Use a question mark after a direct question. Examples: • Isn’t she adorable? • Do you want to attend my party next month? • My mother asked, “Do you want to eat spaghetti at Manny Moon’s Restaurant tonight?” • If a question is not a direct question, it should not have a question mark. Indirect questions are written as statements—the subject and verb are not inverted as they would be in the related direct question. Examples: • My mother asked me if I wanted to eat at Manny Moon’s Restaurant tonight. • They asked if I thought their pet lizard was adorable. • He questioned if I wanted to attend his reptilian party next month.

3. Chapter 23: Other Punctuation Exclamation Point • The exclamation mark is used at the end of sentences that express strong emotion: • You’ve won the lottery! • Help! • Note: Be careful not to overuse the exclamation mark in your writing. If you do, it detracts from the elevated meaning.

4. Chapter 23: Other Punctuation The Semicolon • There are two ways to use semicolons: 1. Use a semicolon to join two independent clauses. Tobias loved his horse; he cared for it everyday. The situation was hopeless; I couldn’t do anything. 2. Use semicolons to join the items in a list that contain commas. The new college students came from Staten Island, New York; Newark, New Jersey; Brooklyn, New York; and Boston, Massachusetts.

5. Chapter 23: Other Punctuation The Colon • The colon is used at the end of a complete statement; it introduces a list or an explanation: 1. A colon introduces a list: When I went to the grocery story, I picked up a few things: eggs, milk, and tea. 2. A colon introduces an explanation: The room was a mess: dirty clothes were piled on chair, wet towels were thrown on the floor, and an empty pizza box was tossed in the closet.

6. Chapter 23: Other Punctuation The Dash • Use a dash to interrupt a sentence. It usually indicates a dramatic shift in tone or thought. • I picked up the crystal bowl carefully, cradled it in my arms, walked softly—and tripped, sending the bowl crashing to the ground. • Two dashes set off dramatic words that interrupt a sentence. • Kimberly took the life preserver—our only one—and tossed it far out to sea.

7. Chapter 23: Other Punctuation Parentheses • Use parentheses to enclose extra material and afterthoughts. • I was sure that Morrissey (the town I’d just visited) was not the place for her. • Note: Commas in pairs, dashes in pairs, and parentheses are all used as inserters to set off material that interrupts the flow of a sentence. The least dramatic and smoothest way to insert material is to use commas.

8. Chapter 23: Other Punctuation Exercises • Add semicolons and colons when needed. Q. The rain steadily fell outside my window meanwhile the sprinkler continued to water the lawn. A. The rain steadily fell outside my window; meanwhile, the sprinkler continued to water the lawn. Q. I love reading and re-reading Me Talk Pretty One Day the hysterical book was written by David Sedaris. A. I love reading and re-reading Me Talk Pretty One Day; the hysterical book was written by David Sedaris.

9. Chapter 23: Other Punctuation Exercises • Add semicolons and colons when needed. Q. At the grocery store, I need to pick up the following items carrots, bread, milk, and Pop Tarts. A. At the grocery store, I need to pick up the following items:carrots, bread, milk, and Pop Tarts. Q. The vacation was so much fun we ate at great restaurants, stayed at a beautiful hotel, and played on the beach every day. A. The vacation was so much fun:we ate at great restaurants, stayed at a beautiful hotel, and played on the beach every day.

10. Chapter 23: Other Punctuation Exercises • Add semicolons and colons when needed. Q. I have a lot of homework tonight ten math problems need to be solved, a science project needs to be created, and an essay needs to be written. A. I have a lot of homework tonight: ten math problems need to be solved, a science project needs to be created, and an essay needs to be written. Q. CJ, my aunt, Toby, my uncle, and Josh, my cousin, are coming to my house for Thanksgiving. A. CJ, my aunt;Toby, my uncle; and Josh, my cousin, are coming to my house for Thanksgiving.

11. Chapter 23: Other Punctuation Exercises • Add missing periods and question marks. Q. At 9:30 AM, the children giggled when they heard their new teacher was named Mr Frog A. At 9:30 A.M., the children giggled when they heard their new teacher was named Mr. Frog. Q. Little Johnny said, “Is your name really Mr Frog” A. Little Johnny said, “Is your name really Mr. Frog?”

12. Chapter 23: Other Punctuation Exercises • Add missing periods and question marks. Q. “Yes,” Mr Frog said But actually I’m Dr Frog He then made a croaking sound and said with a wink, “Why are you laughing”? A. “Yes,” Mr. Frog said. But actually I’m Dr.Frog. He then made a croaking sound and said with a wink, “Why are you laughing?” Q. “Children,” said Mr. Frog, “Let’s take the day off and go for a swim at the nearby pond What do you think of that” A. “Children,” said Mr. Frog, “Let’s take the day off and go for a swim at the nearby pond. What do you think of that?”

13. Chapter 23: Other Punctuation Exercises • Add missing periods and question marks. Q. Marty received a BS in chemistry, but will Frank receive an MA in history A. Marty received a B.S. in chemistry, but will Frank receive an M.A. in history? Q. Ms Clark and I talked until 2:00 A.M.. A. Ms. Clark and I talked until 2:00 A.M.

14. Chapter 23: Other Punctuation Exercises • Add missing periods and question marks. Q. When are Sgt Albright, Dr Heller and Mr Williams going to arrive at Ft Hamilton A. When are Sgt. Albright, Dr. Heller, and Mr. Williams going to arrive at Ft. Hamilton? Q. Have you met our new neighbors, Mr and Mrs Saulten. A. Have you met our new neighbors, Mr. and Mrs. Saulten?

15. Chapter 23: Other Punctuation Exercises • Add an exclamation mark, dashes, or parentheses when needed. Q. Alfred snatched the winning lottery ticket the one that I had purchased and threw it out the car window. A. Alfred snatched the winning lottery ticket—the one that I had purchased—and threw it out the car window. Q. Watch out, there’s a snake behind you. A. Watch out, there’s a snake behind you!

16. Chapter 23: Other Punctuation Exercises • Add an exclamation mark, dashes, or parentheses when needed. Q. The hard-working students the students who maintained a high GPA in high school will probably receive good grades in college. A. Alicia—who maintained a 4.0 GPA during high school—will probably receive good grades in college. Q. The cow the one with brown spots was eating hay with the other cows. A. The cow (the one with brown spots) was eating hay with the other cows.