Presentation Q1 2004

1. Presentation Q1 2004

2. Ubiquitous Networking Instant Broadband Connectivity- Anytime, Anywhere, Any Device Home Networking Homeland Security Automotive Enterprise Consumer

3. Wireless Broadband Explosion 160,000 140,000 120,000 100,000 Other 802.11 Chip Units ('000) Automotive 80,000 CE devices Cell Phone, other Comm 60,000 AP/Router/Gateway Client PC incl. PDA 40,000 20,000 0 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 802.11 standards are driving innovation to enable new content and applications in all markets Source: TechKnowledge Strategies, Inc.

4. Software Mobile Mesh Today’s Wireless with PacketHop Today’s Wireless Device A Device B Device A Access Point/ Base Station Device B Coverage Area • Hub-and-spoke via AP • Many security gaps • Single point of failure • No quality of service • Limited mobility • Any-to-any communication • End-to-end security • High availability/reliability • Robust quality of service • High mobility PacketHop software is IP-based and radio agnostic

5. PacketHop Value Family Radio System 802.11 WLAN Cellular Network Value PacketHop Makes COTS Mission Critical • Mission Critical: • Reliable • Survivable • Secure Land Mobile Radio Mission Critical • COTS: • Low Cost • Rapid Innovation • Low Security Services (Bandwidth) Narrowband Wideband Broadband

6. Homeland Security Challenges • Technology • Interoperability problems • Equipment expensive, outdated, and proprietary • Primarily narrowband voice and data communications • Lack of survivable communications • Does not support high density incidents • Spectrum • Fragmented • Limited availability • Funding • Limited and fragmented funding • Communications technology not a priority • Lifecycle Costs • Inflexible systems and complex deployments

7. Homeland Security Future • IP Compatible Networking and Information Systems • Packet-switched networking • Layered technology development model (OSI) • Broadband • Real-time multimedia information access • Video, high-resolution images, mapping, and secure messaging • Easy to distribute and share real-time information • Scalable networks that can survive equipment failures and congestion • Commercial Off-The-Shelf (COTS) Technology • Commodity radios (Wi-Fi) • Laptops, tablets, PDAs • Networking equipment PacketHop’s mobile mesh networking technology enables first-of-its-kind, interoperable, broadband communications for homeland security agencies

8. Packethop Enabling Competition Vertical LMR Voice Vs. Horizontal Data Defense Contractors IT SIs Systems Integration Systems Integration Mix of IT and Specialized broadband apps Northrop, IBM, Mobile Apps Custom, low data rate apps Cisco, Nortel, Proxim, Symbol, etc. Networking Equipment Propriety Infrastructure Industry standard components Conexant, Atheros, TI, Intel, etc Proprietary Components • Current • Voice, LMR • Data non-critical, proprietary • Small data market, highly fragmented • Future • Data becomes mission critical • Overall size of IT segment market grows • Increasing competition from IT & networking companies

9. Golden Gate Safety Network Deployment

10. Golden Gate Safety Network

11. GGSN & PacketHop • First Multi-Agency, Mobile Broadband Deployment • Mobile mesh network using COTS equipment • Spectrum agnostic IP network • Heterogeneous wireless / wired connectivity • Video multicast over wireless mesh • First Peer-to-Peer Situational Awareness Application • Messaging, mapping, video, whiteboard • Serverless operation

12. Network Elements

13. PacketHop GGSN Network Horseshoe Bay EVOC North    Marine Division GGB Observation Command Center EVOC South    CAL OES

14. Command Post B532 Alternate JIC North Division LZ Primary staging area Command Post Vista Point Dillingham staging area Lime Point Parking lot (Alternate staging) Primary staging area JIC LZ Presidio staging area Command post JIC B603 South Division LZ Miles 0.25 0.5 Infrastructure-less Bridge Coverage Vehicle Nodes Mobile APs

15. Infrastructureless Mobile Mesh • Standalone mobile mesh network • Access point provides Internet connectivity • Remote and single nodes function as a single network GGSN Deployment

16. PacketHop Modular Application Components

17. Interoperable Communications?

18. Last Word . . . “As demonstrated in a live field exercise, PacketHop was able to achieve mobile broadband connectivity across tough terrain—on land and water—and over mobile, infrastructure-less networks for more than ten multi-jurisdiction agencies. This exercise was unquestionably an important milestone in driving the Golden Gate Safety Network closer to its vision to develop and implement a regional communications system that supports a multi-agency response from local, state and federal first responders for day-to-day operations and incident management.” Michael Griffin, Assistant Chief CA Governor’s Office of Emergency Services “Stationed at the Emergency Operations Center in Sacramento—over 100 miles from the incident command center in San Francisco—we were able to see the exact location of first responders as they moved, downloading maps, sending messages and sharing video. PacketHop can be an invaluable tool in enabling survivable, remote connectivity, which means we won't have to rely on broadcast news helicopters for on-the-scene updates or follow along by phone/ radio. We could source real-time intelligence from the first responders in the field on land, sea or air."George Lowry, Assistant Chief, Telecommunications CA Governor’s Office of Emergency Services “Mobile mesh networking technology, like PacketHop’s, allows multiple agencies to instantaneously exchange critical multimedia information while working seamlessly between assorted devices, across differing spectrum channels and in-and-out of networks. For the first time, police, fire, federal agencies, military and other first responders were able to share rich, mission-critical, real-time intelligence, by leveraging commercial off-the-shelf equipment.” Kent F. Paxton, Special Assistant Mayor's Office of Emergency Services and Homeland Security City and County of San Francisco

19. Technology Standards TBRPF in IETF Standardization Process Tracking IEEE standards (802.11, 802.16, 802.20, etc.) Tracking 802.11 standards Tracking 802.16 standards

20. Craig ReidDirector, Business Development+1 (650) 292-5003creid@packethop.com Thank You

21. PacketHop & 4.9Ghz • PacketHop supports COTS approach to 4.9Ghz • 802.11a as proxy • 802.11j (Japan unlicensed radios in 4.9Ghz) • Minor software change using COTS radios • Advantages: • Low cost • Easily “upgraded” with software networking interface • Enables competition • NPSTC • Numerous presentations to NPSTC BOD • NPSTC “adopted” PacketHop network as example in latest submission (12/03) • PacketHop / NPSTC submission to FCC in support of COTS for 4.9Ghz radios • GGSN Trial: Use 802.11a as proxy for future 4.9Ghz

22. Spectrum Allocation 0 2.4 GHz 4.9 GHz 5.9 GHz Current PSN 802.11b PSN DSRC 802.11a • Public Safety Network (PSN) • FCC licensed spectrum for 50 MHz at 4.940-4.990 GHz , 20 MHz channelization, 2W power • Standards bodies defining technical requirements for broadband data equipment and applications • Possibility of COTS, i.e., 802.11a chipset + 4.9 GHz radio • Dedicated Short Range Communications (DSRC) • 75 MHz at 5.850-5.925 GHz GHz • DOT / automotive applications • Network utility & reliability enhanced by mobile ad hoc networking

23. Urban Deployment HZ HZ HZ HZ HZ HZ 1xRTT EDGE

24. Requirements of Core Protocol v u • Adjust routing decisions in real time based on diverse criteria • Highly scalable to thousands of nodes • Combination of centralized & distributed control • Support high mobility • Low routing table overhead • Instantaneous, intelligent gateway configuration