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End of War & Peace Settlement

Explore the repercussions of the Russian Revolution and the Treaty of Versailles on the end of World War I, including the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk, Germany's last offensive, Paris Settlement, Wilson's 14 Points, and the obstacles faced by peacemakers.

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End of War & Peace Settlement

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  1. End of War & Peace Settlement

  2. I. End of War • Russian Revolution a) Bolshevik gov pulled _______ out of war in ___________ b) Treaty of Brest-Litovsk b/t Russia & Central Powers c) Russia gives up d) Bolsheviks agree to pay _________________BUT e) Germany renounced Treaty in 1918 as one of the conditions of ______________

  3. Germany’s last offensive a) Treaty of Brest-Litovsk marked b) Germany could now c) Problem? U.S. d) Germany’s last offensive = 2nd Battle of the Marne… e) Germ army exhausted and then

  4. Gen Ludendorff was determined that peace • He allowed • Aug 8, 1918, he ordered • New gov asked for peace on basis of • Wilson

  5. Armistice a) Germ Rep Gov accepts b) Wilhelm II c) Nov 11, 1918 Weimar Rep d) Versailles Treaty humiliating to Germ b/c

  6. Europe paid a price a) soldiers dead = b) civilians dead = c) POWs = d) Europe’s world dominance e) European map changed

  7. II. Paris Settlement • Delegates from 27 countries meet, but it is the • “Big Four” that ran the show: a) they were: 3. Germ & Russia not at negotiations. Why?

  8. 14 Points = good in theory but… • Wilson’s “Fair Peace” = no winners/no losers BUT a) Example: Balfour Declaration • France resisted most b/c a) b)

  9. III. Wilson’s 14 Points: 5 Main Ideas • Self • Fair peace • Disarmament • Open diplomacy & freedom of

  10. League of Nations a) b) c) d) BIG problem = e) Mandates

  11. IV. Peacemakers’ Obstacles • Different than “Congress of Vienna”. Why? • Germany NOT 3. “Fair Peace” = 4. Communism

  12. V. Germany  • Clause 231 a) Forced to pay b) War Guilt Clause c) Forced to accept these terms:

  13. In sum, with the Versailles Treaty Europe did not gain peace, but a 20-year truce. Also, to exclude Germany & Russia from the negotiations was a blunder b/c these were 2 major nations who naturally played an important role in European affairs.

  14. V. Russian Revolution • Russia in bad shape • Rasputin • Nicholas II abdicates • Provisional gov’s biggest mistake

  15. Bolshevik Revolution (Oct 1917) a) Lenin returns to Russia. How? b) Lenin gains support of c) St. Petersburg renamed Petrograd. Why?

  16. Immediate Reforms: • Civil War (1917-1921) b/t

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