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Scientific Measurement

Scientific Measurement. Question?. Why do we as scientists weigh or measure objects during scientific observation?. Measurement systems used in the past. 1400 BCE (Ancient Egypt) Used the “ Cubit ” or the distance from the elbow to the tip of the middle finger on the adult male.

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Scientific Measurement

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  1. Scientific Measurement

  2. Question? • Why do we as scientists weigh or measure objects during scientific observation?

  3. Measurement systems used in the past • 1400 BCE (Ancient Egypt) • Used the “Cubit” or the distance from the elbow to the tip of the middle finger on the adult male. • They were the first to build the simple balance scale. • 640 BCE (Middle East and Europe) • Used the “Talent” and the “Mina” to establish the first standard weight of gold and silver coins to use as currency and trade.

  4. Measurement systems used in the past • 200 BCE (China) • Used the distance between the two wheels on a chariot to establish the width of roads. • 1714 (Europe) • Gabriel Fahrenheit invented the first mercury filled thermometer which is based on the expansion of mercury as the result of heat. • 1960 (France) • The SI unit of measurement is established.

  5. SI Unit of Measurement • The international system of measurement, also known as SI. • The SI system of measurement is an expanded use of the metric system. The SI system allows scientists to compare data and communicate results to each other.

  6. SI Unit of Measurement

  7. Length • The basic unit of length measured in science is the meter, or (m). • The meter is a little longer than three feet in length. • The meter is about the distance in height between the floor and the door knob or a yard stick • Let’s use the stair conversion chart to find 1 meter in milimeters…

  8. Length: Comparing Metric and Customary Units • A 6 foot tall man is 1.7 meters tall. • The three foot tall scholar at John Adams Academy is 0.85 meters tall. • A 100 yard long football field is 91.44 meters long.

  9. Scientific time • The SI unit of measuring time is the second (s) • There are 60 seconds in one minute and 3600 seconds in one hour. • The human heart beat averages 60 beats per minute.

  10. Mass is the measurement of the amount of matter an object contains. Mass is measured by the use of the Kilogram (Kg). 1 kg is about 2.2 pounds 100 lbs is about 45 Kg Mass

  11. Weight vs. Mass • Weight is the measurement of the force of gravity on an object. On Earth all objects are attracted to the center of the planet by the force of gravity. Weight can change according to the location of an object. • Weight is measured in “Newton's” (N) Question: Do you think you would weigh the same on Earth as you would on the moon? If you travel to the moon the amount of mass you contain does not change. The mass of the moon is much less than the mass of the Earth which results in a lower gravitational pull so you would weigh less on the moon.

  12. Relative Weight/Mass • A mid sized car that weighs 2200 lbs has 1000 kilograms of mass. • Colin Kaepernick’s weight on Earth is 230 pounds, but on the moon it is 38.2 pounds! • My dog weighs 52 pounds which is equivalent to 23.6 kilograms.

  13. Volume • The amount of space an object takes up. • The base unit of volume is the liter. • Volume can also be measured in cubic centimers (cm3) –Think math! When you calculate the volume of a 3D object the units are always cubed 2 liter bottle of Coca-Cola

  14. Density • Density is defined as mass per unit of volume (g/ cm3). It is a comparison of how much matter there is in a certain amount of space. • Determining density: Density = Mass / Volume

  15. Density Example: A metal object has a mass of 57 grams and a volume of 21 cm3, determine its density. Density= 57g / 21cm3= 2.7g/cm3 Example: Jack has a rock. The rock has a mass of 6g and a volume of 3cm3. What is the density of the rock? Density= 6g / 3cm3 = 2 g/cm3

  16. Liquid Layers – Try with your neighbor • Which liquid has the highest density? • Which liquid has the lowest density? • Which liquid has the middle density?

  17. Liquid Layers – Try on your own! • Imagine that the liquids on the right have the following densities: • 15g/cm3 10g/cm3 • 3g/cm3 9g/cm3 • 7g/cm3 12g/cm3 • Match the colors to the correct densities. 3g/cm3 7g/cm3 9g/cm3 10g/cm3 12g/cm3 15g/cm3

  18. Experiment Time!Density lab • Follow directions for the “lab zone” titled “making sense of density”. • Make sure to include your graph and lab write up. • Include an example of any equations used during the lab.

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