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World War I

World War I. The United States Goes to War. Front Lines – November 1918. Chateau Woods - Ypres - 1917. Fighting the Mud as well as the Germans. Allied Trench in Flanders. British Trench: The Somme - 1916. The American Contribution. Wilson’s Plan

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World War I

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  1. World War I The United States Goes to War

  2. Front Lines – November 1918

  3. Chateau Woods - Ypres - 1917

  4. Fighting the Mud as well as the Germans

  5. Allied Trench in Flanders

  6. British Trench: The Somme - 1916

  7. The American Contribution • Wilson’s Plan • Increased supply of materiel (arsenal of democracy) • Navy would bear brunt of military participation • No large ground forces in Europe

  8. The American Contribution • The Reality • American industry buckled under the strain • Navy played a minor role • A huge American army went to Europe • Armed mostly with British and French equipment • Inexperienced volunteers

  9. American Troops in Combat • The Allied View (amalgamation): • Building U.S. divisions was a waste of resources • Building U.S. divisions was a waste of manpower • U.S. had no leaders qualified to lead large formations • American troops could be trained better and faster when placed with veteran allied units • U.S. insistence on separate divisions might lose the war

  10. American Troops in Combat • The American View: • Allied control was a recipe for dead Americans • U.S. population demanded U.S. troops under U.S. Command • U.S. war aims were different than Allies, demanded a distinct American presence.

  11. The German Spring Offensives of 1918 • Designed to force a negotiated settlement before U.S. troops arrived in decisive numbers • Germany committed all of its reserve forces • Between 21 March and 15 July, Germany launched four major (and one minor) attacks

  12. German Troops Under Fire

  13. German Offensives • March 21, 1918 • Michael 21 Mar - 5 April • Georgette - 9 - 11 Apr • Blucher-York 27 Apr • Gneisenau 9 Jun • Marne-Rheims 15-17 Jul 1 2 4 3 5

  14. The Front Line - July 18, 1918

  15. The Aisne-Marne Offensive18 July - 6 August 1918

  16. The Oise-Aisne Offensive18 August - 11 November 1918

  17. The St. Mihiel Offensive12 – 16 September 1918

  18. The Meuse-Argonne Offensive26 September – 11 November 1918

  19. American Troops Advance:(Muese-Argonne) 1918

  20. Destroyed VillageMeuse-Argonne 1918

  21. Armistice Line11 November 1918

  22. The American Contribution • Naval Contribution • Reduced losses to U-boats by: • Convincing British to adopt convoy system • Providing 79 destroyers for escort duty

  23. U.S. Merchant Ship Sinking After Being Torpedoed - July,1918

  24. The American Contribution • Ground Forces: • Gave Allies a decisive manpower advantage • Presence of U.S. formations on the battlefield in 1918 broke the will of the German General Staff

  25. 8,000,000 Dead in Four Years

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