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Biomethane production and its use in public transport The Lille Urban Community’s experience

Biomethane production and its use in public transport The Lille Urban Community’s experience. Gildas LE SAUX Urban Waste Division, R&D Department Biogasmax project manager. Biogasmax overview. BIOGASMAX is a EC funded project (FP 6). The three major objectives of the project are:

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Biomethane production and its use in public transport The Lille Urban Community’s experience

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  1. Biomethane production and its use in public transport The Lille Urban Community’s experience Gildas LE SAUX Urban Waste Division, R&D Department Biogasmax project manager

  2. Biogasmax overview • BIOGASMAX is a EC funded project (FP 6) • The three major objectives of the project are: • demonstrate large scale digestion and biogas upgrading units with waste material available in urban and close by rural areas • demonstrate and expand fleets in transport : buses, waste collection trucks, services cars, etc. • prove the technical reliability, cost-effectiveness, environmental and societal benefits of biomethane fuel

  3. Biomethane life cycle

  4. Lille metropolitan area : responsibilities • public transport • households waste collection and treatment • waste water collection and treatment • water supply • roads, traffic regulation • urban planning plan, green belt • housing • economic development • cultural and sport facilities • in France, local authorities are not responsible for energy policy. The responsibilities in waste management and sewage are limited to the households (no industry or agriculture waste treated in public facilities)

  5. The biomethane project in Lille metropole Two responsibilities of the urban community are gathered in an energy saving project with the aim to fight Climate Change : • Sustainable waste management policy which promotes the optimisation of the recovery of all kind of waste fractions, especially the organic part, Mobility policy which consists of an increase in the use of clean transport system : metro and gas-powered buses

  6. Natural gas and biomethane powered buses: Lille, the pioneer city • The “biogas pilot” in Marquette: • 1990 : launch of an experiment to recover the surplus of biogas produced by the digestion of sewage sludge (Marquette Waste Water Treatment Plant - WWTP). The main usage of this biogas was CHP. • Design of an upgrading pilot unit to increase the methane content of the raw biogas and use it as a bus fuel • This project was supported by the European Commission within the THERMIE Programme. • 1994-2004 : four buses run with biomethane

  7. Natural gas and biomethane powered buses: Lille, the pioneer city • In Marquette, a new upgrading plant • 0,28 million Nm3 of upgraded biogas per year (10 buses consumption eq.)

  8. The increasing fleet of gas-driven buses 1999 : decision to replace progressively diesel buses into Natural Gas Vehicles (NGV) buses • 2001: 60 • 2002: 100 • 2004: 127 • 2007: 255 • 2008: 289 • 2009: 313 • (for 400 buses as a whole) + two new distribution points (2 two bus depots equiped with compression unit)

  9. The Organic Recovery Centre (ORC) The bus depot

  10. ORC as part of the metropolitan scheme on waste treatment “Double” transfer via waterways : • residual waste collected in the South of the territory (260,000 tonnes/year) go to the incinerator (North) • biowaste, collected in the North of the territory (50,000 tonnes/year) go to the ORC (South) > this flow is managed at the “Transfer Centre” of the ORC

  11. Biogas plant close to the bus depot Waste collection trucks depot(60 vehicles) Bus depot(152 NGV buses Organic Recovery Centre

  12. Le Centre de Valorisation Organique

  13. Preparation area at the ORC

  14. ORC : figures • organic fraction of the household waste from door-stop collection, open municipal markets • Garden waste collected in recycling centres • Kitchen wastes from institutional catering • Municipal waste (from LAs) • Capacity : 108,000 tonnes/year 47 000 t/year 42 000 t/year 8 000 t/year 11 000 t/year

  15. The Organic Recovery Centre (ORC) : biogas and compost production Compost production Biogas production Process • Digestion in three 1,900 m3 horizontal digesters (LINDE license) • Treatment time : 25 days at 57 °C • Post composting in 22 tunnels

  16. Traces of Hydrogen Sulphide (H2S), Oxygen (O2), ... CO2 CH4 CO2 H2S water… + H20, ... From raw biogas to biomethane : upgrading 97% H2S Biomethane (= upgraded biogas) Raw biogas

  17. Upgrading process: water scrubbing technology >95% CH 4 process Air 2% CO 2 To biofilter Saturated in water vapor <1% CH 4 traces of H S 2 56% N 2 29% CO 2 14% O 2 Dryers >95% CH 4 2% CO 2 Dew point: -80°C Scrubbing Tower Stripping Tower Flashing Tank CO 2 4 bar at atmospheric pressure CH4 Recovery Pressure Air 9 bar 2 stages compressor Raw biogast 55-65% CH 4 35-45% CO 2 Cooled water pump relative pressure 50 mbar (<15°C) Recovery of the methane From the water process Flotech upgrading process, Auckland, New-Zeland

  18. ORC: biogas and compost production Production Biomethane-fuel (eq. to 4 million litters of diesel) • 34,000 tonnes/year of compost for large farms

  19. Natural Gas Compressed gas Biomethane Compression Unit

  20. Biomethane-driven buses in LMCU “I run with your waste” World Bioenergy Clean Vehicles & Fuels 2009

  21. Other biomethane-driven vehicles in LMCU Gas-powered waste collection truck Gas powered service car

  22. Biogas plant close to the bus depot Waste collection trucks depot(60 vehicles) Bus depot(152 NGV buses Organic Recovery Centre

  23. Waiting for the legal authorization... 2 waste collection trucks refuelled with pure biomethane at the Organic Recovery Centre since March 2009

  24. Soon, the injection into the gas grid Upgraded biogas storage Production (continuous in general) mismatch Grid injection facility Biomethane consumption(discontinuous in general)

  25. Grid injection in progress • Biomethane grid injection facility built up (Dec.09) • Contractual discussions with GRDF (use of the grid) and GDF Suez (sale of biomethane) on progress Local injection unit (biomethane) GRDF grid (naturalgas)

  26. Sustainable waste management policy (1) “The integrated Scheme for Urban Waste Collection and Treatment” enclosing an “energy recovery” principle Feasibility studies of the Organic Recovery Centre (ORC) Choice of the digestion process 1992 1994 1995 1997 Choice of the site for the implementation of O.R.C Biomethane recovery decision (vs. electricity) Beginning of the construction of the O.R.C. Start of operation of the Sequedin new bus depot Start of operation of the O.R.C. Start of the refuelling with biomethane 2000 2004 nov 2004 nov 2005 June 2007 Sept. 2007

  27. Environmental advantages of the project • Energy recovery (vs. composting) • Biomethane does not contribute to green house effect (CO2 which is removed is part of the carbone cycle) • 4 million litters of diesel saved per year • No need of energy transport because the bus depot is located next to the O.R.C. and connected with a dedicated pipeline.

  28. Biomethane financial issues • Why in 2004 was biomethane production decided rather than electricity recovery ? • In France in 2004, renewable electricity generation was not well supported by the central State. This helped to choose biomethane production rather than electricity recovery. • Economic feasibility ?. • Biomethane will be sold on the natural gas price basis (0,025 €/kWh) • This income can reduce the treatment cost by 8 to 9 €/ton (treatment cost = 60 to 70 €/ton) • The O.R.C. is not a fuel production plant but a waste treatment plant ! • > Biomethane selling can reduce the cost but it’s not a profitable activity !

  29. Biomethane financial issues (2) • Organic Recovery Centre : • investment : 57 million euros for 100.000 tons of biowaste treated per year • whose upgrading unit : 3 million euros (investment) • 230 k€/year (operation) • Bus depot • Investment : 8 million euros • Cost of the compressed gas : 0,35 €/Nm3 (incl. Investment in the compression unit)

  30. Biomethane financial issues Biomethane is an authorised fuel in France since August 2007 because biomethane has been declared similar as natural gas Since the 1st of January 2008 : compressed natural gas has been exempted from national tax (Taxe intérieure sur la consommation du gaz naturel -TICGN). So far, no public support on biomethane production (in comparison with electricity and heat recovery) BUT grid injection authorisation was in discussion in 2009: > feed in tariffs and national supportive legislation expected for early-2011

  31. Thank you for your attention Gildas LE SAUX Lille Metropole Communauté Urbaine glesaux@lillemetropole.fr tél. 00 33 (0)3 20 21 27 48 Technical reports, videos, training sessions, agenda of events, newsletters… > visitwww.biogasmax.eu

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