Much of the information in this Power Point came from Linda Hammon.

1. The Factors the Affect Climate: L.A.C.E. M.O.P.S. Much of the information in this Power Point came from Linda Hammon.

2. Terms to Know Fold your paper in half 3 times to create 8 boxes necessary to record the information in this lesson. Use one side record each of these vocab terms & definitions. • Rotation/1 day takes the earth 24 hours (1 day) to make one complete rotation on it’s AXIS. • Revolution/1 yearTakes the earth 365 ¼ days (1 year) to make one complete revolution around the SUN • Weather– The DAILY condition of the atmosphere. • Climate – Weather conditions over TIME. • Precipitation– Moisture that falls from the sky: rain, snow, sleet, & hail.

3. How to Read a Climograph Look at the title to see what location’s climate is being described by the graph. Line Graph = avg temperature for each month. Average precipitation by month. Months of the year.

4. Forces that create the climate of a certain location: LACEMOPS.Place one of each of these letters in your boxes created by folding the manilla paper.

5. L = Latitude Distance from the equator is one of the most important factors in determining climate.

7. Zones of Latitude High:Polar climates. One Season: COLD Middle: Temperate Climates 4 Seasons: Winter, Summer, Spring, Fall Low: Tropical Climates 2 Seasons: Rainy, Dry HIGH MIDDLE LOW MIDDLE HIGH

8. Take a moment to compare the temperatures of Mangalore & Memphis. Which one do you think is closer to the equator? Why? Humid Subtropical Location Tropical Wet & Dry Location

9. Study the two climographs below. • Can you pick out the one that depicts a tropical climate? How do you know? • Bonus Question: Is it a tropical wet or a tropical wet and dry climate? How do you know? Climate A Climate B

10. A is for Air Masses

11. Air Masses • Northern hemisphere = • cold air from the polar regions comes from the north • hot air from the tropics comes from the south. • Southern hemisphere = • cold air from the polar region comes from the south • hot air from the tropics comes from the north.

12. Why is the direction that cold air comes from flip flopped in the Northern and Southern Hemispheres?

13. C is for Continentality

14. ContinentalityThe effect of a location on a continent Why is there so little difference between summer and winter along the coast of California? It takes the ocean a long time to heat & cool! Wind blowing off of water moderates coastal areas. What is the difference between summer & winter in Kansas? BIG difference in seasons in Kansas…why? Land heats & cools quickly!! Close to large body of water = smaller difference in temperature Farther away from water = greater difference in temperature.

15. Continentality: How Does It Affect Climate? Compare these two locations. Which one is further inland? How can you tell?

16. E is for Elevation

17. ELEVATION The higher you go, the colder it gets. As you go up in elevation, the air gets thinner and does not trap heat. Are there glaciers on the equator??

18. Elevation Remember: elevation affects climate and climate affects the type of vegetation.

19. Elevation affects the type of natural vegetation & crops that grow in a region.

20. In this photo, you can see the tree line-the highest point on a mountain that trees can survive.

21. M is for Mountain Barriers

22. MOUNTAIN BARRIERS (aka the Orographic Effect or the Rain Shadow Effect) Winds blow across the ocean & push moisture inland. Moisture cloud reaches the mountains, gets “popped” by the mountain top & rains on the coastal side By the time this cloud reaches the other side of the mountains, the air is dry. What very dry state do you find East of the Sierra Nevada Mts??

23. Mountain Barriers: Rain Shadow

24. O is for Ocean Currents

25. OCEAN CURRENTS The UK & Europe are on the same line of latitude as Canada. Do they experience the same climate? North Atlantic Drift = warm current that flows up from the equator & and keeps Europe warmer than it should be at that latitude

26. Ocean Currents • Cold currents create dry conditions on the coast. • Warm currents create wet conditions on the coast.

27. Physical Map of Africa Ocean Currents Using both maps above, how do you explain the existence of the desert region of southwestern Africa?

28. P is for Pressure and Prevailing Winds

29. Pressure High Pressure=H Heavy, cool air, brings clear skies and no rain. Low Pressure=L Light, warm air, usually brings precipitation

30. Earth’s winds would blow in straight lines, but since the earth rotates they are turned at an angle. In the northern hemisphere, they turn to the right. In the southern hemisphere they turn to the left. This bending of the wind is called the Coriolis Effect. Wind and the Coriolis Effect

31. Cyclonic storms (hurricanes & typhoons)Northern Hemisphere spin counter-clockwise. Southern Hemisphere cyclones spin clockwise. Southern Hemisphere Northern Hemisphere

32. What relationship can you detect between the diagram and the map of the world’s major deserts? HINT: Think high pressure vs. low pressure.

33. S is for Storms

34. Storms • Storms occur where …. • polar winds meet westerlies • when hot & cold air masses collide

35. Storm Tracks Cat. 5 Hurricane Tropical Storm Tornado Cyclone

36. This acronym was .introduced by: Dr. James Petersen – Texas State University – San Marcos, TX, 1990. • Latitude • Air Masses • Continentality • Elevation • Mountain Barriers • O cean Currents • Pressure & Prevailing Winds • Storms