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Announcements

Announcements . Bottle Caps: Due in by May 3 rd ! Exam: Chapters 17 & 18 Wed HW: Fri: Read Part VI Chapter 18 Get your Ch 17 & 18 wrkst from the Antonian website! . Chapter 18 . The Nineteenth Century: The Age of Revolution and the Emergence of Nationalism .

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Announcements

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  1. Announcements • Bottle Caps: Due in by May 3rd! • Exam: Chapters 17 & 18 Wed • HW: Fri: Read Part VI Chapter 18 Get your Ch 17 & 18 wrkst from the Antonian website!

  2. Chapter 18 The Nineteenth Century: The Age of Revolution and the Emergence of Nationalism

  3. Context • Economy shifted • Church expanded Doctrinal base/spoke on behalf of the working class • Popes spoke about the dangers of materialism

  4. The Church in the Post Napoleonic Era Part Ii

  5. Post Napoleonic Era • The Church revitalized • Society of Jesus restored • St. Vincent de Paul founded (Ozanam)

  6. German Church • Struggled in a Protestant nation • Ex: Prussia passed anti-Catholic legislation

  7. 1825: Prussia • Law declared all children MUST take father’s religion • “Breeding Out” Catholics

  8. Church’s Response • Catholics required to instruct children of the Faith in mixed marriages (Pius VIII)

  9. The French Church • Intellectual revival • Chateaubriand: the Genius of Christianity /defended Catholic Dogma against liberal and atheistic attacks

  10. L’Avenir (The Future) • Fr. Lamennais • Fr. Lacordaire • Layman Montalembert • Attacked Liberalism/Gallicanism • Demanded social justice

  11. The Church in the US • Protestants reacted negatively to growing Catholic population • Issued anti-Catholic pamphlets • Created cartoons with Irish Catholic “terrorists” • Influx of Catholics were papal spies

  12. Catholic Response • Created support networks • Created parochial schools • Created nationalistic parishes

  13. The Industrial Revolution Part IIi

  14. Social Consequences • Overcrowding • Loss of jobs • Desperation • Shift in Urban Family Dynamics • Spread of disease

  15. Bl. Pio Nono and the Rise of Nationalism Part Iv

  16. Ultramontanists • Mainz • Liberal ideas are too secular, rational, anticlerical • The pope is the last defender of the Catholic • Emphasized pope’s leadership/ authority

  17. Ultramontanists • Criticized: “Church within a Church” • John Henry Cardinal Newman

  18. Munich (Germany) • Optimistic about modern culture • Believed that the Church could co-exist with liberal ideas • The Church could dialogue with the modern world

  19. The Immaculate Conception • St. John of Damascus: “Theotokos” Mary is the bearer of God • Council of Basel: the Immaculate Conception is a pious option in accordance with faith, reason, and scripture

  20. The Immaculate Conception • Formal declaration led to Church debate on papal infallibility

  21. Pope Pius IX • Defined tenet of Faith (Immaculate Conception) on authority of as pope • Spoke as voice of the Church • Authority of the Church existed within the competence of the papal office

  22. Pope Pius IX Syllabus of Errors: • Attacked ideologies/opinions that challenged Church authority Condemned: • Pantheism • Rationalism • Nationalism • Socialism • Communism

  23. Vatican I • Two days before the publishing of Syllabus of Errors • Commissioned the cardinals in Rome to express their views in writing /name topics

  24. Vatican I • Twenty-one reports submitted • One expressed the opinion that there was no occasion for the holding of an ecumenical council

  25. Reception of Vatican I • Most of the Catholic accepted the council with joy • England, France, and Germany - divided over papal infallibility

  26. Vatican I: Overview • Summoned (papal bull) in 1868 • First session held in St. Peter’s basilica • 20th ecumenical council

  27. Vatican I Purpose • To condemn temporary errors • To define the Catholic doctrine concerning the Church of Christ (infallibility)

  28. Dogmatic Constitution On the Catholic Faith • God, Faith, and reason • Defined the existence of a free, personal, creator God who is independent of the universe he created • Affirmed the existence of this God could be known by human reason alone

  29. Dogmatic Constitution On the Catholic Faith • Other truths about God could only be known by faith through Divine Revelation • Faith and reason are not in conflict • Errors (atheism, rationalism, etc.) are either completely wrong, or wrong in emphasizing one element of the whole truth

  30. Dogmatic Constitution On the Catholic Faith • "The Roman Pontiff when he speaks ex cathedra, i.e., when, exercising the office of pastor and teacher of all Christians, according to his supreme Apostolic authority, through the divine assistance promised to him in St. Peter, he defines doctrine concerning faith and morals to be held by the universal Church… such definitions by the Roman Pontiff were in themselves, and not by virtue of the consensus of the Church, not subject to being changed."

  31. Dogmatic Constitution On the Catholic Faith • Eighty-eight bishops voted against the definition • After the council, every bishop accepted the definition/ debated the interpretation of the definition

  32. Cardinal Guidi • Objected: “On the Infallibility of the Roman Pontiff” • Suggested: “On the Infallible Teaching Authority of the Roman Pontiff”

  33. Infallibility • The entire Church is infallible from bishops to laity, when it shows universal agreement in matters of Faith and morals • Free from error

  34. Infallibility • The entire body of bishops in union with the pope, when it teaches with moral unanimity • An ecumenical council that receives papal approval • The pope alone

  35. The Pope’s Infallibility • Speaks Ex cathedra: official capacity as pastor and teacher • Speaks with the manifest intention of binding the entire church to acceptance • Faith and Morals (as taught through Apostolic Succession)

  36. The Law of Guarantees • New relations between Church and state • Pontiff granted use of Vatican, Lateran, Castle Gandolfo • Pope retains all honor/immunities of sovereign • Pope granted ability to appoint all Italian Bishops

  37. Bl. Pope Pius IX • Refused the Law of Guarantees. • He locked himself up inside the Vatican • Issued the decree that forbade Catholics from participating in Italian political process • The pope remained inside the Vatican until 1929

  38. Bismarck Germany: Nationalism • Overcame Catholic/Protestant divisions • Catholics obstacle to new empire • Catholics opposed military regime

  39. “Falk Laws” • Catholic Schools/seminaries placed under state control • Prohibited religious orders from teaching • Expelled Jesuit order from Germany • Priests/Bishops who did not acknowledge would be fined/imprisoned

  40. The Third Republic of France • All religious communities were banned • Salaries were withheld from priests • Church officials were banned from the boards of charitable organizations • Soldiers could not join Catholic organizations

  41. Leo XIII: The Church Confronts a Changing World Part VI

  42. Pope Leo XIII • Traditional • Successful and popular diocesan Bishop • Spoke positively about the advancements of modern science

  43. Charles Darwin • Future of humanity is determined by “survival of the fittest” • Economic/racial superiority leads to the advance and perfection of the human race

  44. Karl Marx • Communism • Religion is “the opiate of the masses” • Church Response: Subsidiarity - decisions should be made at the lowest social level appropriate to the issue

  45. Sigmund Freud • Model of the human person attributed behavior to instincts rather than to freely made bad or good choices • Reduces the person to nothing more than a glorified animal

  46. Inscrutabili DeiPope Leo XIII • Contends that the evil of revolutionary regimes are the result of the holy and venerable authority of the Church being set aside • Identifies the problems of the age • Argues that the only way to retire and cure society is expressing the Christian message through the Church

  47. Inscrutabili Dei Pope Leo XIII • Emphasizes the role of Papal authority in preserving the future of the Church • Stated that a healthy society is possible as long as “each member will gradually grow accustomed to the love of religion and piety, to the abhorrence of false and harmful teaching, to the pursuit of virtue, to obedience to elders, and the restraint of the insatiable seeking after self-interest alone, which so spoils and weakens the character of men”

  48. Immortale DeiPope Leo XIII • Shows the popes careful understanding of the liberal political movements • God is the root and source of all political authority • Both civil and Divine authority have a duty and responsibility to God • The Church “most gladly welcomes whatever improvements the age brings forth”

  49. Rerum novarumPope Leo XIII • Refutation of the principles of Socialism • Acquisition of private is an intrinsic right of every human being who is called by God to use his own material resources for his own benefit and welfare • Loss of private ownership could cause harm to the human family • Only when there is recognition of our Common Father can a just society be formed • Both classes have duties to each other

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