Who is this and where would he work?

1. Who is this and where would he work? Why is this statue in Eastleigh?

2. Photos published in the Eastleigh museum booklet published by Hampshire County Council and Museum service

3. What have we already found out about the importance of the railway and railway industry to Eastleigh’s growth into a town? Eastleigh’s railway works today

4. In a book on the history of Eastleigh, produced by Eastleigh museum, local historians, Gosling and Bowie interpret Eastleigh as, a typical railway town...like its counterpart Crewe Are these historians correct? Do you agree with this historical interpretation?

5. The railway town of Crewe Crewe is a town in Cheshire Crewe is a major railway interchange with 12 platforms Images are from Wikipedia

6. What do you think makes a town a railway town?

7. Features of a typical Victorian Railway Town • Small settlements or villages that began to grow around 1840 with the arrival of the railway • The station was built by 1840s less than a mile from the town centre • Cheese markets were built in the 1850s • Grew into a town in the Victorian period 1837-1901, usually large towns by 1870s • The railway industry was the main employer and caused its growth into a town • The houses had typical Victorian features • The typical railway man’s house had 4 rooms (2 up 2 down) • Houses were built by the railway company close to the railway for the railway workers • Railway company built important buildings in the town like a library, school, public baths, and a railway institute for socialising • Much of the social life of the town centred on the railway • Typical Victorian towns were built in a circular concentric design with the smallest houses built closest to the center

8. Typical Victorian Town Concentric Structure The different houses of rich and poor. The poorest tended to live close to the town centre near the industry. Wealthier people lived further our where the air was cleaner. Small terraced houses, no gardens – still working class but for skilled workers (factory engineers, skilled craftsmen, legal secretaries) Back-to-back housing, poor worker, factories – mainly working class Inner suburbs Town Centre Outer suburbs Southern suburbs Large detached houses, big gardens, ‘Upper’ middle class – mine owners, factory owners, rich businessmen Larger, semi-detached houses (often known as villas) – middle class doctors, lawyers, accountants, rich shop owners

9. Typical features of a Victorian House in Eastleigh 4 Clay Chimney Pots Finial Gable Barge board Fire Break Wall sticks up between roofs of 2 houses Blue Slate roof (replaced with clay tiles here) Roman (copy cat) pillar between windows, sometimes supports the porch Manufactured red brick often in English Bond Or flemish bond Decorative brick work Sash windows (2 panes of glass can be pushed up/down to open) Fan light (window over door) Coarse Cast detail over doors and windows Small front garden with low brick wall 4 panelled front door not on this house why?

10. What does this source suggest about the typicality of Eastleigh? A typical railwayman’s house at the turn of the century in Eastleigh was a terraced house with three bedrooms upstairs, two rooms downstairs and a kitchen. There was no bathroom and the toilet was outside. Usually the front garden was very small but the back garden (or yard) was a reasonable size. It is interesting to note that in 1901 60% of the population in England and Wales lived in dwellings of five or more rooms. 21.9% lived in four roomed houses and 8.2% in houses or dwellings of at most two rooms, which indicates that the houses in Eastleigh were above the average size. Information from Eastleigh History Society _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

11. What does this source suggest about the typicality of Eastleigh? Eastleigh in those days was a huge railway family. There was general pride in belonging to or being connected with the railway’…..’The town was then centred on the station and the yards and the engines and the carriages and the London and South Western Railway Norman Goodland, a school boy in the 1920s quoted in the Eastleigh Booklet _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

12. How typical are Crewe and Eastleigh? Place the information cards on Crewe and Eastleigh onto this living graph to show how typical Eastleigh and Crewe were as railway towns. Typical 1800 1850 1900 Not Typical

13. 2. In 1801 Crewe’s total population was 18,765The population grew fast as people flocked to the city in search of work. 3. A railway was built in 1837 by the Grand Junction Railway Company and a small railway station was built. 1. In the early 1830’s Crewe was only a small village. 6. Houses were built mainly for the railway workers, but also for the shopkeepers and others who came to the town in search of work or to set up a business 5. By 1843 Crewe’s railway company had built 200 houses for its workers. 4. In 1840 the railway works at Edgehill, Liverpool was moved to Crewe. 9. The company ran schools, a library, the Railway Institute where men received an education in reading, writing and arithmetic, gas works a a water supply and street lighting 7. In 1854 a cheese market was built beside the railway in Crewe 8. In Crewe the Railway Company provided many facilitates for their workers 11. The town consisted of 514 houses, one church and three schools which all belonged to the company. 10. Crewe had developed into a railway town by 1871 12. By 1901 Crewe had grown to 71,056

14. 1. In 1841 Eastleigh’s population was approximately 70 people 2. In 1852 a cheese market was built beside the railway in Eastleigh 4. In 1871 approximately half the population of Eastleigh worked on the railway station and junction. 3. In 1871 Eastleigh was a village of 515 people 5. In 1886 the Carriage and Wagon Works was built in Eastleigh and brought 1500 jobs to Eastleigh. 6. Jonas Nicholls was a local builder responsible for many houses built. He was also responsible for the layout of the town. He built his houses to a grid pattern, 7. The houses for the workers on the carriage and wagon workers were built local property speculators and builders and not the railway company. 8. In Eastleigh the railway company did not provide many amenities A Railway Institute was built reading room, billiard rooms, large hall for lectures and concerts. 9. In 1894 Eastleigh became a town with over 3500 people

15. How typical is Eastleigh as a railway town compared to Crewe? Why might Eastleigh have developed differently?

16. Write a letter to local historians, Gosling and Bowie to explain how far you agree with their interpretation of Eastleigh as, ‘a typical railway town...like its counterpart Crewe’ Dear Gosling and Bowie, I was interested to read your interpretation of Eastleigh as a typical railway town like Crewe. I (do not/ barely/ partly/ mostly/ totally agree) with this interpretation because … Use evidence to explain your answer.

17. How far do you agree with the interpretation of local historians, Gosling and Bowie that Eastleigh was, ‘a typical railway town...like its counterpart Crewe’ Read this student answer. What is good about it and how would you improve it?