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Over a period of thirty years, he visited most of the known Islamic world, including North Africa, the Horn of Africa, West Africa, Southern Europe and Eastern Europe in the West, to the Middle East, South Asia, Central Asia, Southeast Asia and China in the East, a distance surpassing his near-conte
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7. Muslim Invaders
600s, Aksum began to decline, partly because of arrival of Muslim invaders
600s, 700s invaders conquered parts of East, North Africa
Aksum itself was never conquered
Nearby areas became Muslim; Christian Aksum isolated
Muslims destroyed Aksum’s port city, Adulis, took over Red Sea trade
Cut off from trade, Aksum lost main source of wealth
Aksum people eventually retreated inland, settled in what is now northern Ethiopia
14. Archaeological discoveries
Glass beads from India
Coin minted in Kilwa
Kingdom’s rulers likely taxed trade goods that passed through their territory
Through control of trade, Great Zimbabwe rose to prosperity between 1200 and 1400, about same time as Africa’s coastal city-states