A short history… and some insight into the future of IT

1. A short history… and some insight into the future of IT Lionel Brunie National Institute of Applied Science (INSA) LIRIS Laboratory/DRIM Team – UMR CNRS 5205 Lyon, France http://liris.cnrs.fr/lionel.brunie

2. Lyon PhD course - Milan, March 2010 - 07/09/2014

3. Laboratoire d ’InfoRmatique en Image et Systèmes d’Information –UMR CNRS 5205 (LIRIS) • ~280 persons – ~100 permanent researchers and staff – ~180 PhD students • 2 departments: • Image processing • Data-Knowledge-Services • DRIM team: Distributed processing and Retrieval of Multimedia Information PhD course - Milan, March 2010 - 07/09/2014

4. Agenda • Back to (pre-)history • What has happened to IT ? • Visions for a new (IT) world ? PhD course - Milan, March 2010 - 07/09/2014

5. A short history of computers and IT… 60 years ago… PhD course - Milan, March 2010 - 07/09/2014

6. A short history of computers and IT… 20 years ago… PhD course - Milan, March 2010 - 07/09/2014

7. A short history of computers and IT… Today… PhD course - Milan, March 2010 - 07/09/2014

8. A short history of computers and IT… Today… PhD course - Milan, March 2010 - 07/09/2014

9. A short history of computers and IT… Tomorrow ? PhD course - Milan, March 2010 - 07/09/2014

10. A short history of computers and IT… The Jaguar • 224162 cores – Memory: 300 TB – Disk: 10 PB • AMD x86_64 Opteron Six Core 2600 MHz (10.4 GFlops) • Rmax = 1759 – Rpeak = 2331 • Power: 6,950 MW • http://www.nccs.gov/jaguar/ PhD course - Milan, March 2010 - 07/09/2014

11. A short history of computers and IT…The LCG System Architecture Tier-0 Trigger and Data Acquisition System 10 Gbps links Optical Private Network (to almost all sites) Tier-1 General Purpose/Academic/Research Network Tier-2 From F. Malek – LCG FRance PhD course - Milan, March 2010 - 07/09/2014

12. And in 2010, a (still) new paradigm: the Cloud • “A large-scale distributed computing paradigm that is driven by economies of scale, in which a pool of abstracted, virtualized, dynamically-scalable, managed computing power, storage, platforms, and services are delivered on demand to external customers over the Internet” • Amazon, Google, Microsoft… even L’Oréal ! • Everything as a service • Infrastructure as a service • Platform as a service • Software as a service • Behind the scene: a grid • Do not worry, be happy: the cloud takes care of your all your digital activities • Issue: digital activity, digital life, life ? • For the first time in the history of mankind, some[body, thing] can know everything about your life: your professional data, your friends, the movies/the leisure you like, your friends, your political opinions, your mood… PhD course - Milan, March 2010 - 07/09/2014

13. What has happened to IT ? PhD course - Milan, March 2010 - 07/09/2014

14. Technological Evolutions • « Universal » identification • RFID - Electronic Product Code (EPC) – EPCGlobalNetwork – Object Naming Service (ONS) • IETF Host Identity Protocol (HIP) • Large bandwidth communications • Optical fiber • 3G, 3G+, 4G, WiMax • WiFi Direct • Geopositioning • GPS/Galileo • GSM PhD course - Milan, March 2010 - 07/09/2014

15. Technological Evolutions (Cont’d) • Super computing • Parallel super-computers (1- Jaguar (224162 cores, 2,3(1,7) Pflops)): • Super-clusters (Google 1,8 millions of servers ? Soon 10 millions ?) • Super storage • Key: ~GB • Disk: ~TB • Data Center: ~PB • Micro-Nano technologies • Sensors – Sensor networks • Convergence digital camera – telephone – laptop → smartphone PhD course - Milan, March 2010 - 07/09/2014

16. Software Evolutions • Cloud computing • Social networks • Services - SOA • E-Services • Mobility (M-services) • Object  Service / Service  Object All digital, any where, any time Era PhD course - Milan, March 2010 - 07/09/2014

17. « Vision »: « Calm Technology » • « The most profound technologies are those that disappear. They weave themselves into the fabric of everyday life until they are indistinguishable from it » • [The objective of pervasive computing is to ] “ … make a computer so imbedded, so fitting, so natural, that we use it without even thinking about it.” • “Ubiquitous (pervasive) computing is roughly the opposite of virtual reality. Where virtual reality puts people inside a computer-generated world, ubiquitous computing forces the computer to live out here in the world with people.” • « A new way of thinking about computers in the world, one that takes into account the natural human environment and allows the computers themselves to vanish in the background » Mark Weiser, Xerox PARC, 1991- PhD course - Milan, March 2010 - 07/09/2014

18. Vision (Cont’d) • [M. Satyanarayanan, 2001] • Pervasive computing environment = « one saturated with computing and communication capability, yet so gracefully integrated with users that it becomes ‘a technology that disappears’ » • So: • “Smart” spaces • “Invisibility” and transparency • Scalability PhD course - Milan, March 2010 - 07/09/2014

19. Visions (Cont’d)) • « I just want to use these f… so-called smart objects/appliances/… » • « I want to get rid of the software/hardware/network organization/structure: I just want to access my personal data and the data I need what ever the place /when ever the time • « Put down the barriers »: no network interconnection pb, no computer administration frontiers • What about security/privacy ??? PhD course - Milan, March 2010 - 07/09/2014

20. Visions (Summary) • The « object-subject » is actor (a first-class citizen) of the system • smart objects / smart everything • active objects • « Intelligence » is, at first, the « network » i.e., the ability to exchange information • « Intelligence », is also the ability to self-adapt to the user profile and the context (« context awareness »), to weave into the environment • « Ego » is part of the context • « Intelligence », finally, is the ability to organize: • autonomously (autonomic computing, self healing…) • spontaneously Ecosystem PhD course - Milan, March 2010 - 07/09/2014

21. Applications of Ubi./ Perv. Comp. (for today) • Sensor networks (smart dust) • Home networks • Patient monitoring (personal area networks) • Emergency management / battlefield / borders monitoring • Museums and pervasive buildings • Vehicular Ad hoc NETworks (VANET) / MANET • Alert management (parking, kids, etc.) • Supply chain • … PhD course - Milan, March 2010 - 07/09/2014

22. Applications of Ubi./ Perv. Comp. for tomorrow… maybe • Society and RFID • Personal data spaces • Web of things • Machine To Machine (M2M) / Object To Object (O2O) • The never lasting intelligent fridge ? • Maintenance – Supply chain • « Intelligent » sensors networks PhD course - Milan, March 2010 - 07/09/2014

23. Applications of Ubi./ Perv. Comp. for tomorrow… maybe(Cont’d) • U-Society • People to People (P2P): Facebook on your telefonino • People to Object (P2O): Pachube • Geopositioned Services: App Store • Spimes (Bruce Sterling) ? • « Hypermatter » (Bernard Stiegler) ? • Do-IOT-Yourself: Arduino / Fab Lab ? PhD course - Milan, March 2010 - 07/09/2014

24. Back to the « vision »: the Cloud • An old dream: Computing as a utility (John Mac Carthy: “Computation may someday be organized as a public utility” (1961)) • A supposed to be user centered vision • managing a computer is exhausting • the user does not care about the system components: the user just want his problem to be solved • eliminate the burden of the software/hardware management • allow the user benefit from economies of scale • A business vision • a small set of computing power providers • a global market • an integrated « hyper-market »: computing, entertainment, learning ? • for the best of the big companies PhD course - Milan, March 2010 - 07/09/2014

25. What IT world do you want to build ? PhD course - Milan, March 2010 - 07/09/2014