1 / 76

Respiration

Respiration. Remember the marshmallow. How was the energy in the sugar stored?. (CH 2 O) n + O 2  CO 2 + H 2 O. oxidation of sugar, need to go as far towards CO 2 as possible in a controlled way. catalase - NCBI. Basic flow. location: mitochondrion. location: cytoplasm.

bette
Download Presentation

Respiration

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Respiration

  2. Remember the marshmallow How was the energy in the sugar stored? (CH2O)n + O2 CO2 + H2O oxidation of sugar, need to go as far towards CO2 as possible in a controlled way

  3. catalase - NCBI

  4. Basic flow location: mitochondrion location: cytoplasm occurs in mitochondrion

  5. Glycolysis start with glucose 1 2 3 4 5 6 invest two ATP P 1 2 3 4 5 6 P split to make two PGAL (phosphoglyceraldehyde) P 1 2 3 4 5 6 P

  6. Glycolysis NAD+ NADH strip off an electron P 1 2 3 combine with a P… P 1 2 3 P …and give it to ADP (substrate-level phosphorylation) ATP P 1 2 3 rearrange and give up another P 1 2 3 ATP For both PGAL together we get 4-2 = 2 ATP and 2 NADH and 2 pyruvate

  7. Basic flow occurs in mitochondrion

  8. Anaerobic fermentation regenerating NAD+

  9. Basic flow occurs in mitochondrion

  10. Aerobic respiration-step1 Strip off an electron, strip off a carbon Join with coenzyme A 1 2 3 NADH, CO2 CoA 1 2 Send Acetyl CoA to Krebs cycle acetyl CoA

  11. CoA 1 2 1 2 3 4 5 6 Aerobic respiration-step2 CoA 1 2 3 4 oxaloacetate citrate CO2 + NADH 1 2 3 4 5 transformations yielding FADH2, NADH, ATP CO2 + NADH 1 2 3 4 remember to multiply products by 2 (two pyruvate molecules)

  12. Basic flow occurs in mitochondrion

  13. At this point we haven’t made too many ATPs (4), but we have produced a total of 10 NADH and 2 FADH2

  14. Electron transport chain

  15. Basic flow final score: anaerobic = 2 ATP/glucose aerobic = 36 ATP/glucose occurs in mitochondrion

  16. Energy from other molecules

  17. Photosynthesis

  18. 12H2O + 6CO2 6O2 + C2H12O6 + 6H2O WATER CARBON DIOXIDE OXYGEN GLUCOSE WATER

  19. Tasks • Capture energy from sunlight • Store energy in ATP and NADPH • Use energy to fix carbon and make sugar

  20. Capture energy from light these molecules can absorb photons and re-emit the energy CHLOROPHYLL a BETA-CAROTENE

  21. electron acceptor e– electron transport system e– e– ATP e– Electron flow through transport system sets up conditions for ATP formation at other membrane sites.

  22. upper surface of leaf photosynthetic cells two outer membrane layers part of thylakoid membrane system(the chloroplast’s innermost membrane) stroma

  23. Store energy in ATP and NADPHthe light-dependent reactions sunlight THYLAKOID COMPARTMENT H2O second electron transport system photolysis e– e– ATP SYNTHASE NADPH NADP+ first electron transport system ATP ADP + Pi PHOTOSYSTEM II PHOTOSYSTEM I STROMA

  24. 12H2O + 6CO2 6O2 + C2H12O6 + 6H2O WATER CARBON DIOXIDE OXYGEN GLUCOSE WATER consequence of splitting water source of electrons

  25. Use energy to fix carbon and make sugar ATP ADP + Pi LIGHT-DEPENDENT REACTION LIGHT-INDEPENDENT REACTION NADPH NAD+ P glucose

  26. 6 CO2 (from the air) CARBON FIXATION 6 6 RuBP unstable intermediate 12 PGA 6 ADP 12 ATP CALVIN-BENSON CYCLE 6 ATP 12 NADPH 12 ADP 12 Pi 12NADP+ 10 12 PGAL 2 PGAL Pi P glucose

  27. source of carbon for sugar by product 12H2O + 6CO2 6O2 + C2H12O6 + 6H2O WATER CARBON DIOXIDE OXYGEN GLUCOSE WATER consequence of splitting water source of electrons

  28. light-independent reactions in stroma of chloroplast light-dependent reactions at thylakoids of chloroplast CO2 into leaf O2 out light LIGHT-DEPENDENT REACTIONS 6O2 12H2O ATP NADP+ NADPH ADP + Pi PGA CALVIN-BENSON CYCLE PGAL 6H2O 6CO2 RuBP P C6H12O6 (phosphorylated glucose) end product (e.g. sucrose, starch, cellulose)

  29. ATP Respiration CO2, H20 Sugar, O2 Photosynthesis What organisms are capable of respiration and photosynthesis? How does energy leave the system?

  30. Ecosystems:Primary Production and energy flow (18) individuals populations communities energy flow ecosystems nutrient cycling

  31. energy input from sun PHOTOAUTOTROPHS (plants, other producers) nutrient cycling HETEROTROPHS (consumers, decomposers) energy output (mainly heat)

  32. Trophic levels Fourth-level consumers (heterotrophs): Top carnivores, parasites, detritivores, decomposers 5th Third-level consumers (heterotrophs): 4th Carnivores, parasites, detritivores, decomposers Second-level consumers (heterotrophs): 3d Carnivores, parasites, detritivores, decomposers First-level consumers (heterotrophs): 2nd Herbivores, parasites, detritivores, decomposers Primary producers (autotrophs): 1st Photoautotrophs, chemoautotrophs

  33. MARSH HAWK CROW UPLAND SANDPIPER GARTER SNAKE FROG WEASEL BADGER COYOTE SPIDER CLAY-COLORED SPARROW EARTHWORMS, INSECTS (E.G., GRASSHOPPPERS, CUTWORMS) PRAIRIE VOLE POCKET GOPHER GROUND SQUIRREL Food webs

  34. 21 decomposers/detritivores top carnivores carnivores 5,060 383 herbivores 3,368 producers 20,810

  35. ENERGY INPUT: 17,000,000 kilocalories incoming solar energy not harnessed: 1,679,190 (98.8%) 20,810 (1.2%) ENERGY TRANSFERS: producers Energy losses as metabolic heat and as net export from the ecosystem: Energy still in organic wastes and remains transferred to the next trophic level: 4,245 3,368 13,197 herbivores 720 383 2,265 carnivores 90 21 272 top carnivores 5 16 decomposers, detritivores 5,060 ENERGY OUPUT: TOTAL ANNUAL ENERGY FLOW: 20,810 + 1,679,190 1,700,000 (100%)

  36. 21 decomposers/detritivores top carnivores carnivores 5,060 383 herbivores 3,368 producers 20,810

  37. geochemical cycle Main nutrient reservoirs in the environment fraction of nutrient available to ecosystem herbivores, carnivores, parasites primary producers detritivores, decomposers

  38. Main Reservoirs Volume (103 cubic kiometers) Oceans Polar ice, glaciers Groundwater Lakes, rivers Soil moisture Atmosphere (water vapor) 1,370,00029,000 4,000 230 67 14 ATMOSPERE precipitation onto land 111,000 wind driven water vapor 40,000 evaporation from land plants (evapotranspiration) 71,000 evaporation from ocean 425,000 precipitation into ocean 385,000 surface and groudwater flow 40,000 LAND OCEAN

  39. Carbon cycle atmosphere burning burning dissolved burning respiration fixation rocks respiration fixation food webs food webs dissolved uplift sedimentation fossil fuels sedimentation sediments

  40. GASEOUS NITROGEN (N2) IN ATMOSPHERE NITROGEN FIXATION by industry for agriculture FOOD WEBS ON LAND uptake by autotrophs excretion, death, decomposition uptake by autotrophs FERTILIZERS NO3- IN SOIL NITROGEN FIXATION bacteria convert to ammonia (NH3+) ; this dissolves to form ammonium (NH4+) NITROGENOUS WASTES, REMAINS IN SOIL DENTRIFICATION by bacteria 2. NITRIFICATION bacteria convert NO2-tonitrate (NO3-) AMMONIFICATION bacteria, fungi convert the residues to NH3; this dissolves to form NH4+ NH3-,NH4+ IN SOIL 1. NITRIFICATION bacteria convert NH4+ tonitrate (NO2-) NO2- IN SOIL loss by leaching loss by leaching Nitrogen cycle

  41. mining FERTILIZER excretion GUANO agriculture weathering uptake by autotrophs uptake by autotrophs weathering MARINE FOOD WEBS DISSOLVED IN OCEAN WATER DISSOLVED IN SOILWATER, LAKES, RIVERS LAND FOOD WEBS death, decomposition death, decomposition leaching, runoff sedimentation setting out uplifting over geolgic time ROCKS MARINE SEDIMENTS

  42. Human activities and global matter cycles • Water • Carbon • Nitrogen/Phosphorus • Activities? • Effects?

  43. 1.1 million people without clean water

  44. Watersheds

  45. Watershed Cross Section

More Related