RECONSTRUCTING THE PAST

1. RECONSTRUCTING THE PAST

2. We will identify major causes and describe the major effects of the following events from 8000 BC to 500 BC: the development of agriculture and the development of the river valley civilizations (1A) • Identify the characteristics of civilization(2B) • Identify methods used by archaeologists, anthropologists, historians, and geographers to analyze evidence (29A) • Identify important changes in human life caused by the Neolithic Revolution (17A) CLOSING TASK

3. PREHISTORY Characteristics of the Paleolithic, Mesolithic, and Neolithic

4. define: pre·his·tor·ic Of, relating to, or belonging to the era before the creation of writing and/or recorded history. 1. So, how do we know about the caveman if they didn’t keep written records?

5. Archeologists, AnthropologistHistorian, Geographers • Bones • Carbon dating • Cave paintings • Pottery • Weapons • Soil Look on page 13 in your textbook

6. Hominids- are creatures that walk upright on 2 legs and opposable thumbs Hominids originated in in Africa Lived during the Stone Age and Ice Age They where nomadic cavemen/women following their food with no permanent place to call home Paleolithic AgeBackground

7. Kept fires going Made toolsand weapons out of bone--Chipped stone (flint or obsidian) example fishhooks made of bone Developed club, spear, and bola Primitive religion Development of language Lived in clans Used animal skins for warmth Women and men had different jobs but were seen as equals Lived in caves, dugouts, or trees Hunter/Gatherers-- nomadic Characteristics of PALEOLITHIC AGE(Old Stone Age) 2 million BC

8. ICE AGE • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L02XRHbqSE4 2. What are some challenges the early humans would have had to face during the Ice Age (Paleolithic Age)? Nomadic Life issues = Shelter, Food, Drinking Water, Warmth/ Clothing, Protection from Predators, etc…

9. Neolithic Age – 8000BC to 3000BC • Definition – New Stone Age (farming & irrigation allow for the development of communities- which allows them to settle in one place) • The BC time period is similar to negative numbers – the closer you get to zero the small the number becomes

10. 20 minutes STOP Get into groups of four and research what methods are used to analyze evidence by the following Archeologists, AnthropologistHistorian, Geographers

11. Anthropologists and Archaeologists • Anthropology is the study of the origins and development of people and their societies. • Archaeology is a specialized branch of anthropology. Archaeologists (artifacts, fossils, excavations, etc.) Anthropologists (fieldwork, analysis of written records, DNA, etc.)

12. Historians rely primarily on written evidence to determine how people lived in the past. Today, historians study such evidence as photographs and film, as well as written documents such as letters and tax records. Geographer studies the earth and its features and of the distribution of life on the earth including physical characteristics, the surface features, and the effects of human activity Historians and Geographer Historians (primary sources, secondary sources, oral history, etc.) Geographers (GIS, satellite images, different types of maps, etc.)

13. Interesting Fact: Neolithic people in many parts of the world independently developed agriculture.

14. Climate change (temperature rise) Development of Agriculture Domestication of animals/ herding (as seen on pg. 13) Irrigation Metal work Neolithic Revolution(New Stone Age)8000 BC 3. Because of the changes above, what impact would this have on their day to day life. List some ideas

15. Changes in society/villages do to the Neolithic Revolution- 8000 BC • Food surplus • Population growth • Advancement in cities/ communities • Trade • Specialized works • Complex institutions-examples governments 4. Explain how transitioning to agriculture and living in villages increased the need to develop a form of government? .

16. Scenario • You’re the chief of your village and due the discovered agriculture your village which includes 30 people have an abundance of food. • In your group you need to decide what you are going to decide the best decision to make concerning the recent harvest • 5 minutes to discuss and come up with at least 2 -4 different plans

17. Scenario continued Challenges: Predict at least 3 challenges you might face due to the abundance of food and come up with a solution. Create: List 5 new jobs that might need to be created due to the newly harvested food supply. Question: Whose responsibly will it be to create and manage the newly created “specialized” jobs?

18. POSITIVES Increase in food Art Religion Social classes based on money Government/ Laws NEGATIVES Crime Spread of disease Attacks When natural disasters occur, casualty rates will be high 5. List and discuss 3 positive and 3 negative consequences that result in living in communities. With your group: Come up this a definition of a village and a civilization. Which came first a civilization of a village? What might be needed in a civilization verses a village?

19. Creating laws Developed pottery, brushes, paints Learned weaving Built houses & furniture Invented the wheel, & plow (in some areas) New tools: awls, wedges, saws, drills, chisels, needles, etc. Developed a calendar Discuss what issues created the need for law in early civilization. Neolithic Technology

20. Rise of cities 3000 BC 6. List some specific characteristics of advanced civilizations/cities in Neolithic times Advanced cities- aqueduct, wells, roads, buildings Specialized workers- artist, clothes makers, farming, ranching, carpenter, soldier, merchant, teacher Complex institutions – government- rules, religion- priest, economics-trade, bartering, education Record keeping Advanced technology – pottery, metalwork, plow, sailboat, wheel, beginning of Bronze Age in Sumer in 3000 BC

21. So, where would man choose to settle once he no longer needed to hunt and gather? RIVER VALLEYS Egypt, Mesopotamia, India, &China        

22. Causation: Neolithic Revolution Cause Effects Cause Effects Cause Effects Most Important and Why? Least Important and Why?