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POETRY

POETRY. DEFINITION. “the natural language of all” “an imitation of an imitation” “more philosophic than history” “painting that speaks” “ a criticism of life” the antithesis of science” Any formal definition “precludes others and imprisons us prematurely in a partial understanding of poetry”

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POETRY

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  1. POETRY

  2. DEFINITION • “the natural language of all” “an imitation of an imitation” “more philosophic than history” “painting that speaks” “ a criticism of life” the antithesis of science” • Any formal definition “precludes others and imprisons us prematurely in a partial understanding of poetry” • Meant to be heard aloud in the human voice; meant to be remembered

  3. OFTEN CONTAINS… • Rhyme • Vowel or constant sounds that sound alike • Rhythm/meter • Augment memory and music of spoken voice • Alliteration • Repetition of a consonant sound • Assonance • Repetition of a vowel sound • Figures of speech • Create image

  4. TYPES • Formal Verse • Up until the 20th century, most poetry was written in this verse • Contains set patterns of rhythm, rhyme • Free Verse • Looser rhythms/no rhyme • Popularized during the 20th century • Every object is legitimate subject for work • Both often use metaphor, imagery, allusion

  5. IMAGERY • Denotation vs. Connotation • Denotation is literal or primary meaning • Connotation refers to the layers of suggestion and implication they acquire through usage. Partly personal • Use senses • Feels, smells, looks, tastes, sounds

  6. METAPHOR • Most compare two sensory images and let the abstraction remain unvoiced by present • Cliché • Avoid commonly used metaphor or sayings in writing—often easy to use in poetry • Conceit • Comparison of two things radically unlike to be alike • Two souls as a legs of a compass

  7. FIGURATIVE LANGUAGE • Allerteration Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled peppers • AssonanceJean needs ice cream. • Similecomparison using like or as • Pun • Play on two meanings of the same word I have blind spots but I don’t see them • Paradox • Seeing contradiction that may nevertheless be true I’m nobody • Oxymoron • Pairing of contradictory terms • Deafening silence

  8. RHYTHM AND RHYME TERMINOLOGY • Stanza • Lines of a poem that are grouped together visually • Couplet • The ends of two lines that follow one another rhyme • Quatrain • Stanza consisting of 4 lines • Syllables • Unit of speech that can be uttered with a single breath • Slant rhyme • “off rhymes” • Rhyme slightly using similar vowel or consonant sounds (spoon, join) • Onomatopoeia • Words that imitate the sound they designate (buzz) • Stresses • Occur on certain syllables • Poetic line • Unit of verse ending in a typographical break • Caesura • Pause that occurs within the line and can help manipulate rhythm • Enjambment • The running-on of the line from one lines to another • End-stopped • The line break coincides with a pause in the sense • Scansion • How to map out stresses in a poetic line

  9. SCANSION Definition The measuring of a line into stressed (accented) or unstressed (unaccented) syllables and the number of repetitions of that pattern Meter a recurring pattern of stressed (accented, or long) and unstressed (unaccented, or short) syllables in lines of a set length. Poetic Foot Each pair of unstressed and stressed syllables makes up a unit

  10. PATTERNS Iamb (Iambic) Unstressed Stressed: Two Syllables Trochee (Trochaic) Stressed Unstressed: Two Syllables Spondee (Spondaic) Stressed Stressed: Two Syllables Anapest (Anapestic) Unstressed Unstressed Stressed: Three Syllables Dactyl (Dactylic) Stressed Unstressed Unstressed: Three Syllables Pyrrhic Unstressed Unstressed: Two Syllables

  11. POETIC FOOT Monometer: One Foot Dimeter: Two Feet Trimeter: Three Feet Tetrameter: Four Feet Pentameter: Five Feet Hexameter: Six Feet Heptameter: Seven Feet Octameter: Eight Feet

  12. EXAMPLES Iambic PentameterFrom "On His Blindness," by John Milton 1.............2............. 3...............4..............5 When I..|..con SID..|..er HOW..|..my LIFE..|..is SPENT Anapestic TetrameterFrom "The Destruction of Sennacherib," by George Gordon Lord Byron ........1.......................2..........................3......................4 The As SYR..|..ian came DOWN..|..like the WOLF..|..on the FOLD, ........1.......................2..........................3....................4 And his CO..|..horts were GLEAM..|..ing in PUR..|..ple and GOLD;

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