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DICOM Concepts

DICOM Concepts. Kevin O’Donnell Toshiba Medical Systems. Overview of DICOM. Summary: “DICOM is a standard for medical imaging.” Detail: Read these 3,000 pages. Today: Let’s start with the core concepts. Starting from the bottom . MR Storage SOP Class. Storage Service.

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DICOM Concepts

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  1. DICOM Concepts Kevin O’Donnell Toshiba Medical Systems

  2. Overview of DICOM Summary: “DICOM is a standard for medical imaging.” Detail:Read these 3,000 pages. Today: Let’s start with the core concepts

  3. Starting from the bottom ... MR Storage SOP Class Storage Service ServiceClass User ServiceClass Provider + MR Object Module Module Module Attribute Attribute Attribute

  4. DICOM Terms: Attribute DICOM Data Stream = …00100010Smith^John^^^… • Tag: (Group #, Element #) to identify an attribute/data element • Value Representation (VR): data type used to encode the value(s) • Value Multiplicity (VM): how many values can be in the attribute (See DICOM Part 6: Data Dictionary)

  5. DICOM Terms: Module Patient Module • Module: an architectural convenience; a logical group of attributes about a common topic • Macro: purely an editing convenience; a table of attributes that can be easily copied into modules • Type: (1) Required (2) May Be Empty if Unknown (3) Optional (C) Conditional (See DICOM Part 3: Information Object Definitions)

  6. Information Entity (IE): a group of modules representing a Real-World object Reference: a Section in Part 3 where it is defined Usage: (M) Mandatory; (C) Conditional; (U) Optional DICOM Terms: Object (IOD) Enhanced CT Object (See DICOM Part 3: Information Object Definitions)

  7. DICOM Real World Model • A Patient has (0-n)Visits to a hospital/clinic • Physicians order (0-n)Imaging Service Requestsfor each patient • Radiology plans (1-n)Requested Procedures which are reported and billed to satisfy each ISR • RIS schedules (1-n)Scheduled Procedure Stepsfor each RP • Equipment executes (1-n)Performed Procedure Steps for each SPS

  8. DICOM Information Model • An Image (or other IODs) holds acquired data • A Series may group closely related Images from the same PPS, same protocol & same piece of Equipment • A Study groups all Series for a given Req. Proc. • A Patient may have many studies • Instances are actual data created based on an object definition • DICOM uses Unique Identifiers (UIDs) to identify: • specific Instances • specific SOP Classes • specific Study / Series • . . . and many other things

  9. DICOM Services • Print – Printing Objects to a DICOM Printer • Storage – Storing Objects, e.g. to a PACS • Query/ – Getting Objects, e.g. from a PACSRetrieve • MWM – Getting Scheduled Patients, e.g. from RIS (Modality Worklist Management) • MPPS – Status (Started, Completed) back to RIS (Modality Performed Procedure Step) • . . . (See DICOM Part 4: Service Class Specifications)

  10. DICOM SOP Class • Service + Object = Service Object Pair(Storage + MR Image = MR Image Storage) • SCP – Service Class Provider • the system that provides the service • SCU – Service Class User • the system that uses the service MR Image Storage SOP Class SCU SCP

  11. DICOM Association Negotiation • Before two Application Entities (AE) perform a DICOM transaction they must first agree: • what SOP Class they will use (e.g. MR Image Storage) • who will be the SCU, who will be the SCP • what the Transfer Syntax will be (e.g. JPEG Lossless) • This process is called Association Negotiation Association Negotiation AE_TITLE2 AE_TITLE1 <Request> <Response> MR Image Storage

  12. Product DCS • DICOM Conformance Statement • lists the SOPs supported by a product • describes product implementation details and behaviors (See DICOM Part 2: Conformance)

  13. Relation to Other Standards • ISO • DICOM is an ISO Standard • HL7 • DICOM is harmonized with HL7 whichdevelops healthcare standards • SNOMED & LOINC • DICOM uses terms from SNOMED and LOINC for some attribute values • IHE • IHE Profiles describe how to use DICOM for specific purposes

  14. The DICOM Standard • Administered and Published by: • NEMA (National Electrical Manufacturers Association) and it’s medical imaging division: • MITA (Medical Imaging Technology Alliance) • Intellectual Property • DICOM Trademark and Copyright is held by NEMA • No license required to use the DICOM Standard in products • dicom.nema.org • Download free electronic copies of the Standard • All 18 Parts are available in PDF and MS Word format • Paper copies may also be purchased • Plans and activities are publicly posted

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