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ROMAN REPUBLIC

Apollo. ROMAN REPUBLIC. Timeline. 509 BCE Expulsion of Etruscan monarchs 218-201 Second Punic War 149-146 Third Punic War 133-122 Land Reforms 88-83 Civil War 73-71 Slave Revolt led by Spartacus 49-44 Caesar dictator of Rome. Origins. Founding Myths Virgil and the Aeneid Dido

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ROMAN REPUBLIC

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  1. Apollo ROMAN REPUBLIC

  2. Timeline • 509 BCE Expulsion of Etruscan monarchs • 218-201 Second Punic War • 149-146 Third Punic War • 133-122 Land Reforms • 88-83 Civil War • 73-71 Slave Revolt led by Spartacus • 49-44 Caesar dictator of Rome

  3. Origins • Founding Myths • Virgil and the Aeneid • Dido • Romulus and Remus • Most likely.

  4. Geography • Relatively flat, rolling terrain • one mountain range divides Italy east/west • Rome’s location • river • road • farming/grazing to the south • urban developments to the north.

  5. Etruscans • Region north of Rome • region of cities • develop city states similar to Greece • wealthy from minerals: tin, copper, iron, gold • trade with Greece.

  6. Etruscans • Legacy to Romans • adopted Greek alphabet • organize into city state (big advantage over tribes) • adopt gods • hepatoscopy • Gladitorial contests • fasces • art.

  7. Typical method of eating - reclining on one arm Funerary urn

  8. Early Rome • Government • republic • Senators • Social order • nobles vs. plebians • Law of the Twelve Tables (450 BCE)

  9. Rome 500 BCE

  10. Rome 264 BCE

  11. Struggle of the Orders • Conflict between nobles and plebians • plebian leverage • consuls • plebiscites (by 287 BCE)

  12. Philosophy in the Republic • Conservatism • things were always better in the past • reverence for the family • paterfamilias

  13. Philosophy in the Republic • Religion • traditional myths • reverence for past • custom and public opinion determine “moral” • omens. Roman ship based on “traditional” design

  14. Philosophy in the Republic • Social Values • advancement • military position necessary for advancement to public office • competition for public office Romans placed great store in public and military service

  15. Philosophy in the Republic • Politics • Client-Patron status • Citizenship.

  16. Punic Wars • Fought between Italy and Carthage • why? • Second Punic War • invasion by Hannibal • battle of Cannae 216 BCE • Results • Roman control of the Mediterranean • social changes in Rome.

  17. Second Punic War

  18. Social and Cultural Changes • Change in society • materialism • slavery • loss of traditional family values • women gain freedom • adoption of Greek art.

  19. Social and Cultural Changes • Economic Pressures • Transformation in farming • latifundia • rise accelerated by 2nd Punic War and legislation • Provincial Governors • dishonest, squeeze for as much as possible

  20. Violence and Revolution • Tiberius and Gaius Gracchus • want land reform to help those made homeless by war • assassinations in 133 and 121 • 107 Marius ends land requirement for soldiers • changes role of military forever • 88 Marius and Sulla fight over generalship • 82 Sulla becomes dictator.

  21. Cultural Revolution of the Late Republic • Cicero attempts rejuvenation of ancient virtues • growing rich poor gap • rise of Greek culture and individualism • food Bust of Sabina – 140 CE Getty Collection

  22. Roman seating arrangements

  23. Cultural Revolution of the Late Republic • sexuality • husbands and wives • Bisexual Caesar jeered as “the wife of everyone and the husband of every woman” • slavery.

  24. Caesar(100 - 44 BCE) • Emerges in time of trouble • Spartacus • Triumvirate with Crassus and Pompey • campaigns in Gaul 58-50 BCE • preoccupation with war leads to weakening of political clout.

  25. Caesar(100 - 44 BCE) • Pompey and Senators declare Caesar a public enemy 50 BCE • Defies Constitution by crossing the Rubicon • 49-48 defeats Pompey • Dictator for life, head of civil relgion • known as the imperator - wielder of right to command • calendar, July, colonies, reform.

  26. Assassination • Ides of March • “the end of the tyranny”

  27. Assassination • 14 years of civil war and upheaval • ends with Caesars grand-nephew and adopted son gaining control.

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