Show Me What Globalization Means for Credentialing Programs

1. Show Me What Globalization Means for Credentialing Programs Presented at the 2004 CLEAR Annual Conference September 30 – October 2 Kansas City, Missouri

2. Session Moderator • Lois Paff Bergen, PhD • Executive Director, AMFTRB Presented at the 2004 CLEAR Annual Conference September 30 – October 2 Kansas City, Missouri

3. Seeking a Global Description of the Practice of PsychologyBrian H. Stagner, Ph.D.Former Chair, Texas State Board of Examiners of Psychologists Presented at the 2004 CLEAR Annual Conference September 30 – October 2 Kansas City, Missouri

4. Who Can Be a Psychologist? • Canada & the USA: ASPPB • ASPPB credentialing criteria and issues • Uniform licensure exam [practice analyses in 1983, 1995(n=7500), 2003] • Master’s vs. Doctoral level training • Role of internship • Possibility of prescriptive authority • Certifying training programs Presented at the 2004 CLEAR Annual Conference September 30 – October 2 Kansas City, Missouri

5. International Survey • Built on practice analysis (Greenberg & Jesuitis, 2003) • Preliminary results presented at joint meeting of ASPPB and the Third International Congress on Licensure, Certification and Credentialing of Psychologists (Montreal, 2004) Presented at the 2004 CLEAR Annual Conference September 30 – October 2 Kansas City, Missouri

6. The Survey • Data gathered on an English-only, web-based survey • Respondents solicited through membership of professional associations, attendees of the conference, and membership of EFPA • Opportunistic, snowball sample Presented at the 2004 CLEAR Annual Conference September 30 – October 2 Kansas City, Missouri

7. Australia Bangladesh Bermuda Croatia Denmark Estonia Finland Mexico Netherlands New Zealand Norway Peru Romania Turkey South Africa Sweden USA RESPONDENTS Presented at the 2004 CLEAR Annual Conference September 30 – October 2 Kansas City, Missouri

8. HOMOGENEITY • Regulators generally in agreement: • Clear, definable knowledge base • Focus on service providers • Emergence of a dominant, not exclusionary theoretical orientation Presented at the 2004 CLEAR Annual Conference September 30 – October 2 Kansas City, Missouri

9. Qualitative Comments • What new knowledge will be important? • What factors will affect how psychology will be practiced in the future? • Describe recent developments in credentialing/regulating psychologists • What problems does your country face in credentialing/regulating psychology? Presented at the 2004 CLEAR Annual Conference September 30 – October 2 Kansas City, Missouri

10. Qualitative Responses • Important new knowledge to master • Emerging legal, regulatory, and marketplace issues • Recent developments regarding regulation and credentialing of psychologists • Problems regarding regulation and credentialing of psychologists Presented at the 2004 CLEAR Annual Conference September 30 – October 2 Kansas City, Missouri

11. Emerging Themes • Large variability in progress toward credentialing • Obstacles largely political • Need for more communication with embryonic licensure initiatives • Looming clash between ASPPB and EFPA? Presented at the 2004 CLEAR Annual Conference September 30 – October 2 Kansas City, Missouri

12. SEEKING A GLOBAL DESCRIPTION OF THE PRACTICE OF PSYCHOLOGY • Brian H. Stagner • Department of Psychology Texas A&M University College Station, TX Phone: 979-845-2549 E-mail: bhs@psyc.tamu.edu Presented at the 2004 CLEAR Annual Conference September 30 – October 2 Kansas City, Missouri

13. Show Me in Latin AmericaHomer L. Rodriguez, RRT, FAARCExecutive Director,Latin American Board for Professional Certification in Respiratory Therapy Presented at the 2004 CLEAR Annual Conference September 30 – October 2 Kansas City, Missouri

14. Goals of the Latin-American Certification Program • To improve the quality of life for patients in Latin-America suffering from respiratory disease. • To delineate the role of the respiratory therapist in the participating countries and minimize the differences in practice. • To establish a base for courses of study in respiratory care. • To establish a means of recognition for a professional level of competency. Presented at the 2004 CLEAR Annual Conference September 30 – October 2 Kansas City, Missouri

15. Latin American Respiratory Therapist Practice Analysis • Starting point • Survey adaptation • Survey distribution • Results review • Lessons learned Presented at the 2004 CLEAR Annual Conference September 30 – October 2 Kansas City, Missouri

16. Starting point • Participating countries • Colombia • Costa Rica • Guatemala • Mexico • Panama • Venezuela • Argentina Presented at the 2004 CLEAR Annual Conference September 30 – October 2 Kansas City, Missouri

17. Starting point • Initial work began in 1998 • Participants chose to adapt a recently validated task inventory from a study conducted in the United States in 1997 Presented at the 2004 CLEAR Annual Conference September 30 – October 2 Kansas City, Missouri

18. Survey adaptation • The task inventory was translated to Spanish • A committee including representatives from each country reviewed the task inventory • Relevant tasks were retained, most of which were revised to better describe practice across Latin America Presented at the 2004 CLEAR Annual Conference September 30 – October 2 Kansas City, Missouri

19. Survey adaptation • The survey went through typical rounds of clean up, revision, pilot testing, and final production • Expect such studies to take more time than normal to complete • Instructions to committee members in e-mails and memos had to be adapted to Spanish Presented at the 2004 CLEAR Annual Conference September 30 – October 2 Kansas City, Missouri

20. Survey distribution • 1,700 surveys were distributed among the six countries • Committee members determined the number of surveys distributed to each country • Each committee member served as distribution coordinator within their country Presented at the 2004 CLEAR Annual Conference September 30 – October 2 Kansas City, Missouri

21. Survey distribution • Surveys were boxed and shipped to each country coordinator • Coordinators were responsible to distribute surveys to professional colleagues in their country • This step took several months, where it would typically take several weeks for a national study Presented at the 2004 CLEAR Annual Conference September 30 – October 2 Kansas City, Missouri

22. Results review • 401 responses were analyzed • The committee was reconvened to review study results • It was critical to have some bilingual participants present to convey instructions and technical details Presented at the 2004 CLEAR Annual Conference September 30 – October 2 Kansas City, Missouri

23. Results review Presented at the 2004 CLEAR Annual Conference September 30 – October 2 Kansas City, Missouri

24. Results review Presented at the 2004 CLEAR Annual Conference September 30 – October 2 Kansas City, Missouri

25. Results review Presented at the 2004 CLEAR Annual Conference September 30 – October 2 Kansas City, Missouri

26. Results review Presented at the 2004 CLEAR Annual Conference September 30 – October 2 Kansas City, Missouri

27. Results review Presented at the 2004 CLEAR Annual Conference September 30 – October 2 Kansas City, Missouri

28. Results review • Because they were uncertain at the outset whether a single examination could be specified, results were compared across countries • The committee became satisfied that practice was similar enough across countries to justify specifying a single examination after finding no practical differences in task endorsement by country • Developed specifications for an entry level exam. • Assignments were given for a 360 item pool. Presented at the 2004 CLEAR Annual Conference September 30 – October 2 Kansas City, Missouri

29. Lessons learned • Site coordination was highly successful in acquiring responses from target practitioners • Indirect survey distribution did add substantial time • It was necessary to frequently monitor the completion of assignments. • Language proved a minimal barrier given bilingual proficiencies of some committee members • Language differences between committee members who only spoke Spanish and technical staff who only spoke English also added some time to the process. • Telephone communications proved to be unreliable and difficult to coordinate. Cellular phone communication most useful. • All sites were not internet accessible, or did not have proper computer equipment. Presented at the 2004 CLEAR Annual Conference September 30 – October 2 Kansas City, Missouri

30. Test ConstructionLas Vegas, Dec.2003 • Item writing assignments and training. • A 360 item pool was generated. • Test development workshop. • Item selection and analysis • Conducting a pretest. • Establishing a cut score. Presented at the 2004 CLEAR Annual Conference September 30 – October 2 Kansas City, Missouri

31. Developing an Organization:The LABPCRT • Establishment of the Board. • Purpose: An organization whose purpose is to develop and maintain an internationally recognized system to evaluate and certify the competency of respiratory therapy practitioners in Latin-America. • Organization of the Testing System. Presented at the 2004 CLEAR Annual Conference September 30 – October 2 Kansas City, Missouri

32. Funding • Grants from • pulmonary or respiratory care related healthcare foundations. • pharmaceutical and technology industries. • professional respiratory care associations in host countries. • government agencies. Presented at the 2004 CLEAR Annual Conference September 30 – October 2 Kansas City, Missouri

33. Eligibility • Proof of completion of a formal course of study in Respiratory Therapy. • A credential as a physician or a nurse. • Proof of employment as a health care provider in the field of respiratory care for three years. Presented at the 2004 CLEAR Annual Conference September 30 – October 2 Kansas City, Missouri

34. Portability and Reciprocity • Members of the Latin-American Board for Professional Certification in Respiratory Therapy will recognize the CRT credential and provide reciprocal privileges. • In the USA, only graduates of training programs accredited by the Committee on Accreditation for Respiratory Care (COARC) are recognized. • The curriculum must be deemed equal in quality. • Exams must be successfully challenged in English. Presented at the 2004 CLEAR Annual Conference September 30 – October 2 Kansas City, Missouri

35. Current Status • A secure electronic version of the CRT exam has been finalized. • Successful trial test has been conducted with Mexico • Exam administration process and a proctor manual for country directors have been developed. • Promotional campaign is planned by country societies. Presented at the 2004 CLEAR Annual Conference September 30 – October 2 Kansas City, Missouri

36. Homer L. Rodriguez, RRT, RCP, FAARC Director Respiratory Care Department University of Kansas Medical Center 1900 Olathe Blvd Kansas City, KS 66103 913-588-3335 (P), 913-588-3339 (F) HRODRIGU@kumc.edu http://www.kumc.edu/ Presented at the 2004 CLEAR Annual Conference September 30 – October 2 Kansas City, Missouri

37. North American Job Analysis: A Case StudyJohn R. BoyceExecutive Director, National Board of Veterinary Medical Examiners Presented at the 2004 CLEAR Annual Conference September 30 – October 2 Kansas City, Missouri

38. American Veterinary Medical Association • Schaumburg, Illinois • Accredits veterinary schools through Council on Education • Certifies foreign graduates through ECFVG

39. National Examining Board, Canadian Veterinary Medical Association • Ottawa, Ontario • Participates in school accreditation • Certifies international graduates in Canada

40. American Association of Veterinary State Boards • Kansas City, Missouri • Coordinates activities of member boards • Certifies foreign graduates through PAVE

41. National Board of Veterinary Medical Examiners • Bismarck, North Dakota • Develops North American Veterinary Licensing Examination (NAVLE) • Develops Qualifying Examination for PAVE

42. Accreditation • Council on Education of the American Veterinary Medical Association • 27 US schools • 4 Canadian schools • 6 overseas schools (Netherlands, Scotland (2), England, New Zealand, and Australia)

43. The North American Veterinary Licensing Examination (NAVLE®) • Required for licensure in all jurisdictions in North America • Common passing standard • Canadian involvement in NAVLE development • Translation of NAVLE into French • Based on a 2003 job analysis

44. Purpose of the Job Analysis • Describe job activities of entry-level practitioners (not expected to differ between US and Canada) • Provide evidence of validity for NAVLE • Survey Areas • Veterinary practice roles (activities) • Animal species • Diagnoses

45. Developing the Survey • Identifying the job analysis committee • Development of the survey instrument (data gathered from NAVLE blueprint, job activity logs and telephone interviews, additional background information) • Identification of main activity categories – 2 remained from previous job analysis; 1 added using data from current job analysis

46. Distributing the Survey • Translation issues – entire survey remained in English; cover memo translated into French for Canadian participants • Random sample of 2,601 practicing veterinarians in the United States and 497 in Canada • Distribution challenges in Canada

47. Analyzing the Results • Response rate • Demographic data • Deletion of activities/diagnoses • Regional differences noted • Harmonization between US and Canada further demonstrated

48. NAVLE Test Specifications • Activities (Veterinary Practice Roles) • Data Gathering and Interpretation (140 items) • Health Maintenance and Problem Management (140 items) • Professional Behavior, Communications, and Practice Management (20 items) • Animal Species (11 categories)

49. Conclusion • Board approval of revised test specifications for use on future NAVLE forms • Summary of report available: www.nbvme.org • Accreditation: www.avma.org • Licensure: www.aavsb.org

50. North American Job Analysis: A Case Study John R. Boyce, DVM, PhD Executive Director National Board of Veterinary Medical Examiners P.O. Box 1356 Bismarck, ND 58502 701-221-9281 boyce@nbvme.org www.nbvme.org