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RFID Security & Privacy: Physical and System Levels

Explore RFID security & privacy mechanisms at physical level (tag authentication) and system level (access control) in IoT architecture. Focus includes cryptographic protocols, privacy models, and access control requirements in sharing RFID information.

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RFID Security & Privacy: Physical and System Levels

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  1. RFID Security & Privacy at both Physical and System Levels- Presentation to IoT-GSI26thAugust 2011 Robert H. Deng & Yingjiu Li School of Information Systems Singapore Management University

  2. RFID Security & Privacy at Physical Level

  3. Radio Frequency IDentification(RFID) Radio signal (contactless) Authenticate / Identify Read / Update Tags (transponders) Attached to objects, “call out” identifying data on a special radio frequency Reader (transceivers) Read data off tags without direct contact Database Match tag IDs to physical objects

  4. RFID Security Issues • Tag Authentication • Only valid tags are accepted by a valid reader • Reader Authentication • Only valid readers are accepted by valid tags • Not always required but mandatory in some applications (e.g., e-tickets) • Availability • Infeasible to manipulate honest tags such that honest readers do not accept them

  5. RFID Privacy Issues • Privacy requirements • Anonymity: Confidentiality of the tag identity • Untraceability:Unlinkability of the tag’s transactions • Privacy issues • Adversaries identify tags • Adversaries track tags Radio signal (contactless) Tags Reader

  6. RFID Privacy Preserving Authentication Protocol Design Tag T Reader R c r f (optional) • Security requirements • One way or mutual authentication • Privacy requirements • Anonymity: Confidentiality of the tag identity • Untraceability:Unlinkability of the tag’s transactions

  7. Cryptographic Protocols for RFID Privacy • Numerous lightweight RFID protocols for low-cost tags have been proposed • They use simple operations (XOR, bit inner product, CRC, etc) • Most of them have been broken (T. van Deursen and S. Radomirovic: Attacks on RFID Protocols, ePrint Archive: Report 2008/310)

  8. Recent Progress: RFID Privacy Models • Ind-privacy: indistinguishability of two tags(Jules & Weis, PerCom 2007) • Ideal model, but not easy to work with • Unp-privacy: unpredictability of protocol messages • (Ha, Moon, Zhou & Ha, ESORICS 2008), (Ma, Li, Deng, Li, CCS09) • Only works with symmetric key based protocols • ZK-privacy model: Zero knowledge model • (Deng, Li, Yung, Zhao, Esorics 2010) • Output of real world experiment and output of simulated world experiment are indistinguishable • Works with both symmetric key and public key protocols

  9. RFID Security & Privacy at System Level

  10. An IoT Architecture for Sharing RFID Information Query/ Answer Discovery service Query/ Answer Internet User Query/ Answer Publish/ Update Publish/ Update Information service Information service RFID readers RFID readers RFID tags RFID tags Enterprise information system Enterprise information system

  11. Security and Privacy • Security: Identification/authentication of involving parties • Users, discovery services, information services • Privacy: Only authorized parties can access RFID data as needed • Query, read, write, update, delete • Solution: Access control • Policy management, enforcement, implementation

  12. Access Control Requirements • Cross domain • RFID data to be shared are managed by different parties (IS and DS) • Unknown users • Query issuer may not have prior business relationship or be known to data holders • Visibility • Access to RFID data is based on supply chain information • Compatibility • Access control can be easily enforced in web services and database systems

  13. Existing Access Control Models • Discretionary access control (DAC) • Mandatory access control (MAC) • Role based access control (RBAC) • Attribute based access control (ABAC) Access Subject Object

  14. Comparison

  15. Current Effort • Data Discovery Requirements Document (EPCglobal draft, 2009) • Description of requirements on RFID discovery services, including data confidentiality, integrity and access control • A framework of components for access control in data discovery services (BRIDGE final report, 2009) • Focus on networked services for inter-company operation of supply chains • Our current work • Design secure discovery services and implement the whole system in Singapore

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