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Light Year

Light Year. This is a DISTANCE not an amount of TIME EX: 3 Miles is a distance, 3 Years is a time Used to represent extremely LARGE distance in space Remember, Light is a Transverse Wave – and all waves travel, they don’t just appear. So how far is it?.

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Light Year

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  1. Light Year This is a DISTANCE not an amount of TIME EX: 3 Miles is a distance, 3 Years is a time Used to represent extremely LARGE distance in space Remember, Light is a Transverse Wave – and all waves travel, they don’t just appear

  2. So how far is it? • This distance is very large – it’s hard for the mind to understand how far this is • Speed of Light = 300,000 km/sec • That’s about 18,000,000 km/min

  3. So how far is it? • Speed of light is about 186,000 miles/sec • That is about 671,000,000,000,000 miles per hour (671 Trillion mph)

  4. So how far is it? • Now that you know how fast light travels it time think about distance • If we look at how far light would travel for ONE full year – that distance is a Light Year!

  5. One Full Year • The total distance light travels in one full year is about: 9,460,000,000,000 km (9.46 trillion km) • In terms of miles that is about: 5,800,000,000,000 miles (5.80 trillion miles)

  6. An example close to home… • So how far is that distance of a light year… really. • EX: it is about 370,000 km from the Earth to the Moon. If you could walk from the Earth to the Moon, how many times would you have to go that distance to equal a light year? • ANSWER: about 12 MILLION times back and forth from the Earth to the Moon!

  7. The Universe: Galaxies, Stars, and Nebulae March 3, 2011

  8. The Universe • All physical matter and energy that exist in space: • Planets • Stars • Galaxies • All the contents of intergalactic space

  9. A Planet • Most scientist agree that a planet: • Orbits a star – such as the Sun • Is round - due to the strength of its own gravitational pull

  10. Galaxies • NOT single stars – includes: Stars, Gas, and Dust • Variety of shapes, sizes, and colors • Clustered in Groups • Gravitationally attracted/held together

  11. Galaxies • Milky Way = part of Local Group • 5 million light years across • In 1999 HST (Hubble Space Telescope) est. 125 billion galaxies; HST found 3,000 visible galaxies in space

  12. Spiral= Milky Way Stars form “arms”, curve out from center, disk or pancake shaped Holds old & young stars, gas, & dust Galaxies http://www.hdwallpapers.com/photo/Space_pictures/Spiral_Galaxy_M81

  13. Elliptical Stars form shape like a football Galaxies http://www.astronet.ru/db/xware/msg/1226180

  14. Irregular No special shape = blobs w/threads Holds large amount of gas and dust Galaxies http://apod.nasa.gov/apod/ap081229.html

  15. Large ball of gas that creates & emits its own radiation Variety of shapes, sizes, and colors Nebula, Main Sequence, Red & Super Giants, White Dwarf, Brown Dwarf, & Supernova UM = Magnitude = degree of brightness Lifecycle – NO star lives forever Born, Matures, Grows old, & Dies Stars

  16. Nebula – dense region inside begins to shrink, warm up, becomes a protostar A Star is born Protostar– critical temperature is reached – hydrogen begins fusing into helium http://www.calvin.edu/academic/phys/observatory/images/Astr110.Fall2006/deLange.html http://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/

  17. Main Sequence Star – shines as nuclear reactions inside produce light and heat But if it doesn’t have enough mass to produce radiant heat it becomes a Brown Dwarf Once a star is born it becomes a http://dsc.discovery.com/news/2009/04/20/brown-dwarf-cool.html http://www.for68.com/new/2005/12/su86402129331912150024200-0.htm

  18. Super Giant Star of greater mass Expands, cools, & turns red Super Giant EXPLODES blasting away outer layers becoming a Super Nova At this point Stars can become a Super Giant or Red Giant http://apod.nasa.gov/apod/ap001222.html http://news.discovery.com/space/beautiful-supernova-violence.html

  19. Neutron Star – core collapses & becomes very dense Black Hole – core collapses completely & vanishes Supernova can become either: http://www.science.psu.edu/news-and-events/2007-news/Fox8-2007.htm http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/chandra/multimedia/photo09-078.html

  20. Red Giant – star of less mass expands, glows red as it cools, then Planetary Nebula – outer layer of gas puff off; hot core will be white dwarf If a Star becomes a Red Giant, then http://smithsonianscience.org/2010/03/archaeological-%E2%80%9Cdig%E2%80%9D-in-outer-space-uncovers-an-ancient-star/ http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/photo_gallery/photogallery-astro-nebula.html

  21. White Dwarf – very dense, almost transparent White Dwarf Cooling – takes billions of years to cool then fades to black Red Giant =Planetary Nebula = White Dwarf = White Dwarf Cooling http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/features.cfm?feature=576 http://imagine.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/science/know_l1/dwarfs.html

  22. Black Dwarf - A non-radiating ball of gas; star stops glowing Cooling White Dwarf = Black Dwarf http://news.discovery.com/space/intermediate-black-hole-implicated-in-stars-death.html

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