Inca Civilization

1. Inca Civilization By: Lucresha Wallace Spanish 2 Sra.Eldredge/ Mr.Frye

2. History • The Inca Empire was the largest empire in pre-Columbian America. The empire was located in Cusco in modern-day Peru. The Inca civilization grew from the highlands of Peru sometime in the early 13th century. • The language of the empire was Quechua. The Inca referred to their empire as “Tawantinsuyu” which can be also known as “The Four Regions or The Four United Provinces”. The Incas considered their King, the Sapa Inca, to be the "child of the sun."

3. Population • There is some controversy about the number of people in Tawantinsuyu , but the estimates ranges from as 4 - 37 million.

4. Religion • The Incas believed in reincarnation. Reincarnation is when the soul comes back in a newborn body. Once it is born in the new body , a person’s previous past will be forgotten. The Incan moral code was ama , suwa, amallulla, and amaquella , which means do not lie, do not steal , and do not be lazy. They also practiced cranial deformation, where they wrapped tight cloth straps around newborns in order to shape their skulls.

5. Social Structure • The social structure was diverse from area to are in the Inca Empire but it still followed the basic structure. Of course Sapa Inca was on top because he was the king. Then the nobles came which were relatives of past emperors . After, there were craftsmen and architects , they were popular because of their incredible skills. Unfortunately, the slaves and peasants were last of the civilization.

6. The Inca Social Structure

7. Ceramics • Ceramics were painted using different techniques including patterns of animals, birds, and waves. It characterizes the scenes of everyday life, relationships, and smelting of metal, or melts the metal contained.

8. Communications & Medicines • Quipu was knotted strings to record information. They were also used only as mnemonic devices or to record data. A mnemonic device was an aid in remembering. There were many discoveries of medicine. Skull surgeries were very successful and it involved cutting holes in the skull caused by head injuries. One-third of skull surgery patients survived the performance, but survival rates went up during Inca era.

9. Weapons & Armor • The army was the most powerful at that time, because they could turned anyone into a soldier. Every male Inca had to take part in at least one war so that they could be prepared for the warfare. The armor used by the Incas included helmets, copper, bronze, cane, and wood. The Inca weapons included swords, stones, slings, metal heads, spears, and axes.