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Creating a Web Page using HTML5 / CSS 3

Creating a Web Page using HTML5 / CSS 3. Computer Concepts Computer Information Systems Portland Community College Feb 2016. Overview. What is HTML5 ? Basic HTML tags What is CSS3 ? Formatting with CSS Creating a web page and style sheet Validating your web page

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Creating a Web Page using HTML5 / CSS 3

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  1. Creating a Web Page using HTML5 / CSS 3 Computer ConceptsComputer Information SystemsPortland Community CollegeFeb 2016

  2. Overview • What is HTML5? • Basic HTML tags • What is CSS3? • Formatting with CSS • Creating a web page and style sheet • Validating your web page • Viewing your web page in a browser

  3. HTML : Hyper Text Markup Language • The content of a web page is defined with HTML tags • HTML tags tell a web browser what to display • Simple web pages have an extension of .htm or .html

  4. Browsers and HTML / CSS • Abrowser reads what to display from the HTML file displays the page based on the formatting in the CSS file • Common browsers:Edge, Chrome, Firefox, Safari, Opera

  5. HTML Tags • HTML Tags normally appear in pairs • A beginning tag consists of • a beginning angle bracket < • an element name, like html, body, p • an ending angle bracket > • Examples: <html>, <body> <p> • An ending tag has a / after the < • Examples: </html>, </body>, </p>

  6. What Do HTML Tags Look Like? • HTML Tags Look Like: • <p> </p> paragraph tag • <h1> </h1>heading tag • <ul> </ul> unordered list tag • <li> </li> list item tag • What is Common About HTML Tags? • Starting < > and ending </ > tags • Data goes between the tags • There is a default format for each tag, but can define alternate format in CSS

  7. <!DOCTYPE > Declaration Summary • Important! A web page conforming to the HTML 5 Standard, as required by this class, needs the following to start each html document: • <!DOCTYPE html> • <html > • The DOCTYPE declaration is not a html tag. It tells the browser which version of the markup language the page is written in.

  8. Let’s Get Started • You can use any text editor • NotePad++ is recommended for Windows (click on the link to download it) • Notepad++ alternatives for Mac • You can also use the standard • NotePad for Windows • TextEdit for Mac

  9. Starting Out • Launch your editor and choose File- New • Immediately chose File - Save As • Choose the location • Type in the file name(we use first here) • Choose the Save As TypeHyper Text Markup Language

  10. Notes for NotePad++ • As you are typing, you’ll notice word suggestions appear. To accept the word suggestion, use the Tab key • Notepad++ color codes your entries • Use the Tab key to Indent

  11. Basic HTML Skeleton

  12. <head> element • The <head> element includes information about the document. We will include: • <title> element describes your web page. • <meta charset = “UTF-8”> specifies Unicode. • <link rel="stylesheet" href="styles.css"> specifies css file(more about that later) • comment with author and date <!-- comments -->

  13. <head> example

  14. Tags to put in <body> • What should appear on the web page goes inside the <body> element • The simplest elements are: • The headings elements <h1> … <h6> • The paragraph element <p>

  15. The Heading Elements • <h1> is the largest heading • For accessibility, there should be exactly one <h1> element per page • <h6> is the smallest heading • For accessibility, don’t skip heading levels“going down” a page. Web accessibility

  16. Type this Code into your Editor

  17. Next Steps • Save your code (File – Save) • Validate your code. Fix any errors that validation reveals. • Find the folder where you saved your code.Double click on first.html

  18. Validation • Validation is an extremely helpful tool • It spots syntax errors (code that is not well formed) • Recommend that you validate your code frequently, and fix errors that are revealed.

  19. Successful Validation

  20. Unsuccessful Validation • Sometimes one error causes many other errorsAlways fix the top error firstE.g. go to line 14 and fix invalid <h> tag

  21. Expected Result From <title> From <h1>

  22. CSS: Cascading Style Sheets • The style of a web page is defined by CSS • CSS rules tell how to display an HTML page • CSS files have an extension of .css • Comments in css are different from HTML comments (they start with /* and end with */)/* This is a css comment */

  23. CSS Rule Set • A Rule Set consists of a selector followed by a declaration black (a set of rules) • The format of a css rule is property: value;A list of css properties • Example: body{ background-color: lightblue; } • See: Color names and Color Picker for color ideas

  24. Create a CSS file • Use your text editor • File – New File • Change Language to C - CSS (if using NotePad++) • Type in this rule: body{ background-color: lightblue; } • Save as styles.css in same folder as first.html • Validate the CSS file (this is different from the HTML validator)

  25. What does CSS do? • Refresh the HTML web page(or double click on the HTML file again) Refresh button

  26. Making Text Stand Out • You can make text stand out by using: • <em> - emphasized text • I love the sound of the ocean • I love the sound of the ocean • <strong> important text • Warning: beware of bears • <em> and <strong> are accessiblescreen readers render them appropriately

  27. Using CSS with <em> and <strong> • Without CSS • <em> - italics • <strong> bold • Using CSS to increase importance strong{ font-weight: bold; text-transform: uppercase; color: #008040; } • Wondering what #008040 means? Refer to Color Picker

  28. Example • Change the HTML code to <p> Here is my <strong>first paragraph</strong></p> • Add CSS from previous page to styles.css • Refresh web page to get: Note: be sure to validate your code (HTML and CSS), especially if you don’t get what you expect

  29. Lists • Ordered lists <ol> indicate a preference among choices • Standard ordering is numeric (1, 2, 3,…) • Of course, CSS can change ordering to letters, etc. • Unordered lists <ul> indicate no preference • Standard defines a bulleted list • CSS can change this to squares, circles, etc.

  30. List Items • Items in a list are indicated by <li> • Example: <ol> <li>First item</li> <li>Second item</li> </ol>

  31. CSS for Lists • Adding this to styles.css will change the ordering on <ol> from numbers to letters ol{ list-style-type: lower-alpha; }

  32. Displaying am Image • Use the image tag <img> to display an image • Syntax is <imgsrc = “im” alt = “text”>where imis the source and name of the image and text is the alternate text, used for accessibility • If the image is in the local folder,im is just the file name

  33. Image Example • So if we have nestucca.jpg in the same folder • We can code: <imgsrc="nestucca.jpg" alt = "nestucca bay">

  34. Image Example (continued) • The picture may be too big unless we put something like this in the cssfile img{ max-width: 320px; max-height: 320px; width: auto; height: auto; margin: auto; } • Important: to preserve aspect ratio never set bothwidth and height to an actual value; better to set them to auto

  35. Universal Resource Locator • URLs specify address on the World Wide Web • They have the format:protocol://website/other_information • We’ll primarily use http: or https:Example: http://www.pcc.edu/ • http stands for Hyper Text Transfer ProtocolThis protocol determines how messages are formatted and transmitted over the web

  36. Links (Anchors <a>) • Links are created with the anchor <a> tag<a href = "http://www.pcc.edu">PCC home page</a> • href stands for “hypertext reference” • If href points to a URL, we say it is an external (another web site) reference • If href points to a local file, we say it’s an internal reference <a href = “second.html">My second page</a>

  37. More about Links • In the link we created<a href = "http://www.pcc.edu">PCC home page</a>the text between the start tag and end tag (PCC home page) is what appears on the web page that the user can click • When the user clicks on PCC home page,the web bite http://www.pcc.edu appears

  38. Link Example • Add to our HTML code above the ordered list<a href = "http://www.pcc.edu">PCC home page</a> • Save and refresh to see:

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