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Determining Shells & Valence Electrons. All images are from www.Chem4kids.com. Periods. Each row is called a “period”. The elements in each period have the same number of shells. 1 st Period = 1 Shell. 2 nd Period = 2 Shells. 3 rd Period = 3 Shells. 4 th Period = 4 Shells.

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  1. Determining Shells & Valence Electrons All images are from www.Chem4kids.com

  2. Periods • Each row is called a “period” • The elements in each period have the same number of shells 1st Period = 1 Shell 2nd Period = 2 Shells 3rd Period = 3 Shells 4th Period = 4 Shells www.chem4kids.com

  3. Groups Group 8 = 8 electrons Group 1 = 1 electron Except for He, it has 2 electrons Group 2 = 2 electrons • Each column is called a “group” 3,4,5,6,7 • Each element in a group has the same number of electrons in their outer orbital, also known as “shells”. • The electrons in the outer shell are called “valence electrons” www.chem4kids.com

  4. Transition Metals • Transition Metals have slightly different rules for shells and valence electrons. • This is something you will learn about in High School Chemistry. www.chem4kids.com

  5. Determine the number of shells and the number of valence electrons for: Carbon - C 2nd Period = 2 shells 4th Group = 4 valence electrons www.chem4kids.com

  6. Determine the number of shells and the number of valence electrons for: Sodium - Na 3rd Period = 3 shells 1st Group = 1 valence electron www.chem4kids.com

  7. Write your answers on your handout. Ne Name the element. Number of shells ? Valence electrons ?

  8. Write your answers on your handout. Ne Name the element. Number of shells ? Valence electrons ? Neon 2nd Period = 2 shells 8th Group = 8 valence electrons

  9. Write your answers on your handout. H Name the element. Number of shells ? Valence electrons ?

  10. Write your answers on your handout. H Name the element. Number of shells ? Valence electrons ? Hydrogen 1st Period = 1 shell 1st Group = 1 valence electron

  11. Write your answers on your handout. Be Name the element. Number of shells ? Valence electrons ?

  12. Write your answers on your handout. Be Name the element. Number of shells ? Valence electrons ? Beryllium 2nd Period = 2 shells 2nd Group = 2 valence electrons

  13. Write your answers on your handout. S Name the element. Number of shells ? Valence electrons ?

  14. Write your answers on your handout. S Name the element. Number of shells ? Valence electrons ? Sulfur 3rd Period = 3 shells 6th Group = 6 valence electrons

  15. Write your answers on your handout. K Name the element. Number of shells ? Valence electrons ?

  16. Write your answers on your handout. K Name the element. Number of shells ? Valence electrons ? Potassium 4th Period = 4 shells 1st Group = 1 valence electron

  17. Write your answers on your handout. He Name the element. Number of shells ? Valence electrons ?

  18. Write your answers on your handout. He Name the element. Number of shells ? Valence electrons ? Helium 1st Period = 1 shell 8th Group = 2 valence electrons • Helium is the exception in Group 8. • Since it has just one shell, that shell can only fit 2 electrons instead of 8. • It is in this group because all the elements have a full outer shell.

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