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Understanding Mixtures in Chemistry

Explore different types of mixtures, including heterogeneous and homogeneous mixtures, and learn about methods for separating mixtures such as filtration, distillation, crystallization, and chromatography.

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Understanding Mixtures in Chemistry

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  1. Section 3.3 Mixtures of Matter

  2. Composition of Matter

  3. Mixtures • Combination of two or more pure substances in which the pure substances retain their chemical properties

  4. Examples • Sand and water • Salt and water

  5. Types of Mixtures

  6. Heterogeneous Mixtures • Does not blend smoothly throughout it • Individual components remain distinct areas of the mixture • No uniform distribution of components throughout the mixture

  7. Homogeneous Mixture • Constant composition throughout • Single phase • Also referred to as a solution • Can be solid, liquid, or gas

  8. Heterogeneous or Homogeneous?

  9. Heterogeneous or Homogenous?

  10. Heterogeneous or Homogeneous?

  11. Heterogeneous or Homogeneous?

  12. Separating Mixtures • Reverse of mixing • Since each component of a mixture retains chemical composition… Chemists developed various separation methods

  13. Filtration • Solid from liquid separation • Uses porous medium • Example: Filter paper

  14. Filtration Apparatus

  15. Distillation • Homogenous mixture separation • Ability of components to form gases • Example: Salt water Salt + Pure Water

  16. Distillation Apparatus

  17. Crystallization • Used when a solution contains maximum amount of dissolved substance • Add a little more and pure solid particles are produced

  18. Rock Candy Crystallization

  19. Chromatography • “Writing of Colors” • Separation by differing abilities of substances to adhere to various surface solids • Paper, starch • Example: ink separation by paper chromatography

  20. Chromatography Image

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