Medical Therapeutics Standard

2. Medical Therapeutics Standard • Examine policies and procedures related to therapeutic equipment safety, quality control monitoring, and evaluation. Synthesize information into a digital or written presentation to instruct appropriate staff on the importance of safety practices and the implementation of quality control processes according to policy.

3. Therapeutic Equipment • Is used to decrease pain, inflammation and edema • Allows therapists to perform the following: • treat more complex conditions • decrease muscle disuse atrophy • enhance soft tissue healing through increased circulation • improve neuromuscular control

4. Therapeutic Equipment • Enables therapists to introduce more aggressive therapy interventions earlier to help improve function and recovery • Increases patient comfort and tolerance to treatment

5. Therapeutic Equipment • Includes: • TENS units • EMS devices • CPM machines • exercise equipment

6. TENS Units • Are used for nerve related pain conditions • TENS stands for transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation • Send stimulating electrical pulses through electrode pads across the surface of the skin and along the nerve strands • stimulating pulses helps prevent pain signals from reaching the brain

7. TENS Unit

8. TENS Unit Advantages • Include: • stimulates the body to produce higher levels of natural painkillers which are called endorphins • relieves pain associated with a wide variety of painful conditions • increases circulation and healing • improves sleeping patterns • decreases use of pain relievers • increases body motion and function

9. EMS Devices • Are used to prevent or reduce muscle atrophy • EMS stands for electrical muscle stimulation • atrophy is the weakening and loss of muscle tone, which is usually experienced after surgeries or injuries • Use electrode pads to send electrical currents to stimulate muscles in the body

10. EMS Device

11. EMS Device Advantages • Include: • helps relax muscle spasms • increases blood flow to muscles • increases range of motion • increases muscle strength • enhances muscle endurance

12. CPM Machines • Are used during the first phase of rehabilitation following a soft tissue surgical procedure or trauma • CPM stands for continuous passive motion • Are commonly used in recovery after joint surgery • Are designed to provide reliable, safe, continuous passive motion therapy to a wide range of patients

13. CPM Machine

14. CPM Machine Advantages • Include: • increases range of motion and flexibility • promotes, healing and regenerating joint cartilage • increases blood flow • prevents stiffness and soreness • reduces pain and swelling • reduces formation of scar tissue

15. Stethoscope • The stethoscope is an acoustic medical device for auscultation, or listening to the internal sounds of an animal or human body. It typically has a small disc-shaped resonator that is placed against the skin, and one or two tubes connected to two earpieces. A stethoscope can be used to listen to the sounds made by the heart, lungs or intestines, as well as blood flow in arteries and veins. In combination with a manual sphygmomanometer, it is commonly used when measuring blood pressure.

16. Sphygmomanometer • A sphygmomanometer, also known as a blood pressure meter, blood pressure monitor, or blood pressure gauge, is a device used to measure blood pressure, composed of an inflatable cuff to collapse and then release the artery under the cuff in a controlled manner, and a mercury or mechanical manometer to measure the pressure. It is always used in conjunction with a means to determine at what pressure blood flow is just starting, and at what pressure it is unimpeded. Manual sphygmomanometers are used in conjunction with a stethoscope

17. Weight scale with height bar • Used to measure height and weight to determine disease states, proper growth, and dosing for medications.

18. Thermometer • Used to measure body temperature which a measure of homeostasis. Homeostasis is a state of balance within the body.

19. Pulse Oximeter • Pulse oximetry is a noninvasive and painless test that measures your oxygen saturation level, or the oxygen levels in your blood. It can rapidly detect even small changes in how efficiently oxygen is being carried to the extremities furthest from the heart, including the legs and the arms. • The pulse oximeter is a small, clip-like device that attaches to a body part, like toes or an earlobe. It’s most commonly put on a finger, and it’s often used in a critical care setting like emergency rooms or hospitals.

20. Quality control And Quality Assurance

21. Quality Control • Process that tracks the ability of reagents, instrumentation, and personnel to obtain an accurate result How many controls How often Minimum requirements for waived tests are the manufacturer’s recommendations in the package insert

22. What is the goal of QC? • To detect SIGNIFICANT errors rapidly • Report out good results in a timely manner • Be cost effective and simple to use • If there is an error, identify the source of the error

23. Random=Fluctuations Temperature Personnel Systematic Reagent problem Device problem Types of Errors

24. Quality Assurance • Quality assurance (QA) is a way of preventing mistakes or defects in manufactured products and avoiding problems. In other words, QA is maintaining a desired level of quality in any instrument, policy or procedure.

25. Quality Control vs. Quality Assurance • Quality Assurance is process oriented and focuses on defect prevention, while quality control is product oriented and focuses on defect identification.

26. Patient Care Technology • Has become increasingly complex, transforming the way medical care is delivered • Has the potential to introduce unintended side effects and opportunities for failures

27. Device Warnings • Should be communicated to patients prior to use in order to present any or all risks • allowing the patient to approve treatment or tests • Must be provided if the device or equipment is hazardous • patients should be given a description of the hazards and how to avoid the hazards

28. Warnings & Instructions • Are required by law to be given to all patients • required by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA)

29. Ensuring Patient Safety • Includes: • eliminating hazards and risks from all medical devices • adding guards, barriers or interlocks • adding safety labels to medical devices • providing health care professionals with training and equipment instructions • using personal protection

30. Equipment Risks • Include: • radiation hazards • contrast agent and dye hazards • internal injury hazards • fetal hazards • electrical or fire hazards • thermal hazards

31. Lockout-tagout • Lockout-tagout (LOTO) or lock and tag is a safety procedure which is used in industry and research settings to ensure that dangerous machines are properly shut off and not able to be started up again prior to the completion of maintenance or servicing work. It requires that hazardous energy sources be "isolated and rendered inoperative" before work is started on the equipment in question.