Interdisciplinary research community - Computer Science & Info Studies

1. The New ABCs of ResearchBen Shneiderman ben@cs.umd.edu @benbendcFounding Director (1983-2000), Human-Computer Interaction LabProfessor, Department of Computer ScienceMember, Institute for Advanced Computer StudiesUniversity of MarylandCollege Park, MD 20742

2. Interdisciplinary research community - Computer Science & Info Studies - Psych, Socio, Educ, Jour & MITH www.cs.umd.edu/hcilvimeo.com/72440805

3. Design Issues Input devices & strategies Keyboards, pointingdevices,voice Direct manipulation Menus, forms, commands Output devices & formats Screens, windows, color, sound Text, tables, graphics Instructions, messages, help Collaboration &Social Media Help, tutorials, training Search www.awl.com/DTUI Sixth Edition: 2016 • Visualization

4. Children’s Hospital in DC:Trauma Bay

5. EventFlow Airway Breathing Circulation Secondary Survey Disability www.cs.umd.edu/hcil/eventflow

6. Children’s Hospital Trauma Care: EventFlow

7. Children’s Hospital Trauma Care: EventFlow

8. Children’s Hospital Trauma Care: EventFlow

9. The New ABCs of Research (Oxford, 2016) Guide for junior researchers Manifesto for senior researchers, business leaders & funding agencies  Reframe the research agenda & methods Teamwork when done right can produce high impact    http://ukcatalogue.oup.com/product/9780198758839.do

10. The New ABCs of Research Guiding Lifecycle New Context Principles Strategies Knowledge Immense Problems

11. The New ABCs of Research Guiding Lifecycle New Context Principles Strategies Knowledge Immense Problems New Technologies

12. The New ABCs of Research Guiding Lifecycle New Context Principles Strategies Knowledge Immense Problems New Technologies Raised Ambitions

13. Applied & BasicCombined Combining applied with basic research produces more rapid progress in both ABC Principle

14. Blending Science, Engineering & Designproduces higher-impact research SED Principle

15. Science, Engineering, Design https://books.google.com/ngrams

16. Scientist, Engineer & Designer NY Times articles http://chronicle.nytlabs.com/

17. The New ABCs of Research Guiding Lifecycle New Context Principles Strategies Knowledge Immense Problems Applied & Basic Combined New Technologies Science,Engineering& Design Raised Ambitions

18. The New ABCs of Research Guiding Lifecycle New Context Principles Strategies Knowledge Immense Problems Choose actionable problems:civic, business & global priorities Applied & Basic Combined Apply observation, intervention & controlled experiments New Technologies Form teams with diverse individuals & organizations Science,Engineering& Design Test ideas & prototypes withrealistic interventions Raised Ambitions Promote adoption & assess impact

19. The New ABCs of Research Guiding Lifecycle New Context Principles Strategies Knowledge Immense Problems Choose actionable problems:civic, business & global priorities Applied & Basic Combined Apply observation, intervention & controlled experiments Solutions New Technologies Form teams with diverse individuals & organizations Science,Engineering& Design Theories Test ideas & prototypes withrealistic interventions Raised Ambitions Promote adoption & assess impact

20. The New ABCs of Research Guiding Lifecycle New Context Principles Strategies Knowledge Immense Problems Choose actionable problems:civic, business & global priorities Applied & Basic Combined Apply observation, intervention & controlled experiments Solutions New Technologies Form teams with diverse individuals & organizations Science,Engineering& Design Theories Test ideas & prototypes withrealistic interventions Raised Ambitions Promote adoption & assess impact

21. The New ABCs of Research Guiding Lifecycle New Context Principles Strategies Knowledge Form teams with diverse individuals & organizations

22. The New ABCs of Research Guiding Lifecycle New Context Principles Strategies Knowledge Form teams with diverse individuals & organizations

23. Teamwork is the New Norm Percentage of publications by more than one author Cooke & Hilton (Eds), Enhancing the Effectiveness of Team Science http://www.nap.edu/catalog/19007/enhancing-the-effectiveness-of-team-science

24. Teams: WHY? • ???

25. Why work in teams? • To complete a substantial project in time • More ideas - Getting unstuck • Combine strengths/skills in different areas • Backup - redundancy • Motivating - responsibility to peers • Modularity helps - accountability • Learning • It’s fun! (potentially)

26. What are the problems of working in teams? • People get in the way • Disagreements • Communication gaps • Overstressed – not living up to expectations • Inferiority complex • Fear of letting down peers • Dealing with messing up • Leadership troubles • Lack of trust- unbalanced contributions • Risk- of others not doing their share • Personality, working style conflicts

27. How to work in teams? • Social structure • Who sets the agenda/tasks/schedule • Who measures quality or approves results • What is the pacing- forms of coordination • Technology support • Email • Chat • Phone • Video-conference or phone • F2F

28. Teams: Guidelines • Previously successful collaborations • Balanced teams • Clearly defined goals & roles

29. Teams: Guidelines • Previously successful collaborations • Balanced teams • Clearly defined goals & roles • Explicit statements of who does what by when • Regular and open discussions • Good communication

30. Teams: Guidelines • Previously successful collaborations • Balanced teams • Clearly defined goals & roles • Explicit statements of who does what by when • Regular and open discussions • Good communication • Collaboration readiness • Technology readiness for remote teamwork • Technology readiness for collaboration

31. Teams: Guidelines • Previously successful collaborations • Balanced teams • Clearly defined goals & roles • Explicit statements of who does what by when • Regular and open discussions • Good communication • Collaboration readiness • Technology readiness for remote teamwork • Technology readiness for collaboration • Trained experienced leadership • Adequate administrative resources and services • Use of effective brainstorming strategies

32. National Academies Report (2015):Enhancing the Effectiveness of Team Science Cooke & Hilton (Eds), Enhancing the Effectiveness of Team Science http://www.nap.edu/catalog/19007/enhancing-the-effectiveness-of-team-science

33. Teams: Winning Strategy • Powers of Two (End of the Lone Genius) (Shenk, 2014) • Teams: Difficult to form, hugely effective • Takes practice to gain skills • Clear goals, clear roles • Trust, communication, recognition • WJU2007: teams  2.1 times the impact • Large teams need administrative support scienceofteamscience.org www.teamsciencetoolkit.cancer.gov

34. Teams: Winning Strategy • Powers of Two (End of the Lone Genius) (Shenk, 2014) • Teams: Difficult to form, hugely effective • Takes practice to gain skills • Clear goals, clear roles: Who Does What by When • Trust, communication, recognition • WJU2007: teams  2.1 times the impact • Large teams need administrative support scienceofteamscience.org www.teamsciencetoolkit.cancer.gov

35. Teams: Winning Strategy • Powers of Two (End of the Lone Genius) (Shenk, 2014) • Teams: Difficult to form, hugely effective • Takes practice to gain skills • Clear goals, clear roles: Who Does What by When • Trust, communication, recognition • WJU2007: teams  2.1 times the impact • Large teams need administrative support • FUN! scienceofteamscience.org www.teamsciencetoolkit.cancer.gov

36. Research Project: 2 parents, 3 children Basic Theories AppliedProblems Research Project Refined Theories Practical Solutions Guidance to Future Researchers

37. The New ABCs of Research Guiding Lifecycle New Context Principles Strategies Knowledge Immense Problems Choose actionable problems:civic, business & global priorities Applied & Basic Combined Apply observation, intervention & controlled experiments Solutions New Technologies Form teams with diverse individuals & organizations Science,Engineering& Design Theories Test ideas & prototypes withrealistic interventions Raised Ambitions Promote adoption & assess impact

38. The New ABCs of Research Guiding Lifecycle New Context Principles Strategies Knowledge Promote adoption & assess impact

39. Promote Adoption & Assess Impact • Clear writing begets clear thinking • Story-telling trajectories • Promote adoption • Send Five & Thrive • Papers, websites, videos, tweets, blogs • Assess impact • Citations, downloads, tweets, blogposts • Best Paper Awards, testimonials, usage reports

40. Promoting Adoption: Becker Model Ideas travel through networks and relationships Cultivate champions. Present, Present, Present! Join relevant committees & insert your findings into decision making Don’t wait for publication. Disseminate early https://becker.wustl.edu/impact-assessment/strategies

41. Online Services • Open Research: arXiv.org, PLOS, Open Science • Community Building Sites: • Academia: platform for academics to share research papers… to accelerate the world's research (19M users) • ResearchGate: connect researchers share scientific output, knowledge & expertise • ORCID, VIVO, FORCE11, … • Research Paper Managers: • Mendeley: The best free way to organize your research • Zotero: free, easy-to-use tool to help you collect, organize, cite & share your research sources • CiteULike: free service to help you to store, organise & share the scholarly papers you are reading

42. The New ABCs of Research Applied & Basic Combined Achieving Breakthrough Collaborations Ask Bigger Cuestions Analysis Based on Creativity Actively Build Connections Aspire to Be like Colwell

43. Books: Teamwork • Nancy Cooke & Margaret Hilton (Editors), Enhancing the Effectiveness of Team Science, National Academies Press, Washington, DC (2015). http://www.nap.edu/catalog/19007/enhancing-the-effectiveness-of-team-science • Walter Isaacson, The Innovators: How a Group of Hackers, Geniuses, and Geeks Created theDigital Revolution, Simon & Schuster, New York (2014). • Steven Johnson, Where Good Ideas Come From: A Natural History of Innovation, Riverhead Publishers (2010). • Joshua Shenk, Powers of Two: Finding the Essence of Innovation in Creative Pairs, Houghton Mifflin Harcourt (2014).

44. Books: Writing • Mark J. Kuchner, Marketing for Scientists: How to Shine in Tough Times, Island Press (2011). • Steven Pinker, The Sense of Style: The Thinking Person’s Guide to Writing in the 21stCentury, Viking (2014). • Joshua Schimel, Writing Science: How to Write Papers That Get Cited and Proposals That Get Funded, Oxford University Press(2011). • Turabian, K. L., Booth, W. C., Colomb, G. G., Williams, J. M., and the University of Chicago Press Staff, A Manual for Writers of Research Papers, Theses, and Dissertations:Eighth Edition(2013).

45. The New ABCs of Research Questions Guiding Lifecycle New Context Principles Strategies Knowledge Immense Problems Choose actionable problems:civic, business & global priorities Applied & Basic Combined Apply observation, intervention & controlled experiments Solutions New Technologies Form teams with diverse individuals & organizations Science,Engineering& Design Theories Test prototypes withrealistic interventions Raised Ambitions Promote adoption & assess impact