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Ancient Rome The Fall of Rome

Ancient Rome The Fall of Rome. SSWH3 The student will examine the political, philosophical, and cultural interaction of Classical Mediterranean societies from 700 BCE to 400 CE . e. Analyze the factors that led to the collapse of the Western Roman Empire. What was the Roman Empire?.

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Ancient Rome The Fall of Rome

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  1. Ancient RomeThe Fall of Rome

  2. SSWH3 The student will examine the political, philosophical, and cultural interaction of Classical Mediterranean societies from 700 BCE to 400 CE. • e. Analyze the factors that led to the collapse of the Western Roman Empire.

  3. What was the Roman Empire? • There were two periods of Roman government. • Roman Republic 509 BCE-30 BCE • Roman Empire 30 BCE-476 CE

  4. What was the Roman Empire? • Rome technically had an “empire” under the Roman Republic. • But the term “Roman Empire” refers to the time period, beginning with Augustus, when Rome was ruled by emperors.

  5. Roman Republic • Republic= citizens can choose (vote for) their leader. • Established 509 b.c.e. • Only men with money and property could vote. • Representative Democracy: The wealthy elected representatives to make laws for everyone.

  6. Structure of the Republic • Patricians= landholding upper class • Plebeians= farmers, merchants, artisans, traders • Senate= governing body • Consuls= two patricians

  7. The Two Empires • Western (Roman) Empire Ended officially in 476 CE when the last emperor, Romulus Augustus, was deposed by a barbarian, Odoacer • Eastern (Byzantine) Empire Lasted until 1453 when the empire was conquered by the Ottoman Turks

  8. Administration of a Vast Empire • Empire included over 100,000,000 people of diverse backgrounds, cultures, and places • Rome learned to adapt its policies on a local level to fit the people of a given area • Citizenship gradually extended to all free men of the empire

  9. Administration of a Vast Empire • Solid, strong bureaucracy that kept things running smoothly the majority of the time • Empire’s administration run by countless proconsuls, procurators, governors, and minor officials • Four prefectures, further divided into dioceses, then into provinces

  10. Administration of a Vast Empire Tyre • Strong infrastructure • Facilitated movement by officials, soldiers, traders, travelers, etc.

  11. The Fall of RomeEconomic Reasons • Gap between rich and poor • Impoverished workers became tied to the land as coloni (sold as the land was sold) • Fewer members of the lower classes could afford to buy goods (no purchasing power)

  12. The Fall of RomeEconomic Reasons • manufacturing and trade declined • Large estates became self-sufficient, further hurting manufacturing and trade

  13. The Fall of RomePolitical Reasons • Decline in patriotism • Democracy did not exist in reality • Citizens lost their tie (voting rights) to the state • Patriotism became based on loyalty to an emperor, not to Rome • Most emperors did not inspire respect or loyalty Modern Mask-Rome: The HBO Series

  14. The Fall of RomePolitical Reasons • East/West split • Two empires created problems regarding loyalty • No orderly succession • Murders, forced suicides, and civil wars frequently accompanied the transition from one emperor to the next Modern Mask-Rome: The HBO Series

  15. The Fall of RomeSocial Reasons • Population decline • Hunger • Plagues • War • Decline in intellectual culture • Lack of dedication to public service and intellectual pursuits • leisure time watching chariot races and gladiatorial contests Ancient roman society by Ray

  16. The Fall of RomeSocial Reasons • Religious divisions • Eastern and Egyptian cults took away the popularity and status of traditional Roman religion • New faiths (i.e.Christianity) directly questioned and challenged concepts such as imperial divinity Ancient roman society by Ray

  17. The Fall of RomeMilitary Reasons • Reliance on barbarian troops • Not ultimately loyal to Rome • Could not be counted on to fight their fellow barbarians • Interested in obtaining booty, not defending Rome or furthering Rome’s interests

  18. The Fall of RomeMilitary Reasons • Roman Republic • Armies were servants of Rome • Roman Empire • Armies made and unmade emperors • The sacking of Rome: • The Visigoths (Germanic) 410- hired by the Romans b/c of plague. • The Vandals 455 • 476, The Germainichead of the Army overthrew Romulus Augustulus • Considered the date of the fall of the W. Roman Empire

  19. SSWH3 The student will examine the political, philosophical, and cultural interaction of Classical Mediterranean societies from 700 BCE to 400 CE. • e. Analyze the factors that led to the collapse of the Western Roman Empire. • List five facts which will help you remember this lesson:

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