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Introduction. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AJ4GRH81H_A. ENVIRONMENTAL CONCERNS IN THE CHILDBEARING CLIENT. Developed by D. Ann Currie , R.N., M.S.N. 2012. ENIVRONMENTAL FACTORS. EXPOSURE TO HAZARDOUS AGENTS OR FACTORS OCCUPATIONAL HAZARDS HOME COMMUNITY RECREATIONAL ACTIVITIES.
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Introduction • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AJ4GRH81H_A
ENVIRONMENTAL CONCERNS IN THE CHILDBEARING CLIENT Developed by D. Ann Currie , R.N., M.S.N. 2012
ENIVRONMENTAL FACTORS • EXPOSURE TO HAZARDOUS AGENTS OR FACTORS • OCCUPATIONAL HAZARDS • HOME • COMMUNITY • RECREATIONAL ACTIVITIES
OCCUPATIONAL HAZARDS • EXPOSURE TO VARIOUS HAZARDOUS AGENTS IN DIFFERENT WORK SETTINGS THAT CAN EFFECT THE INDIVIDUAL,THE DEVELOPING FETUS,THE PREGNANCY’S OUTCOME,NEONATE, AND REPRODUCTIVE POTENTIAL
OCCUPATIONAL HAZARDS • WOMEN ARE A PART OF THE LABOR FORCE • THE NUMBER OF WOMEN ARE INCREASING IN THE LABOR FORCE BETWEEN 18-64 • WOMEN ARE IN CIVIL AND MILITARY JOBS • VARIOUS TYPES OF OCCUPATIONS.
EPA • ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY- FEDERAL AGENCY. • IDENTIFICATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS WHICH MAYBE HAZARDOUS • INDENTIFICATION OF HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES • PROTECTION OF PUBLIC AND WORKERS
EPA • HANDLING OF HAZARDOUS AGENTS • STORAGE OF HAZARDOUS AGENTS • MSDS-MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEETS-BY LAW EACH COMPANY MUST HAVE THESE AVAILABLE FOR EMPLOYEES TO READ ON EACH CHEMICAL/HAZARDOUS AGENT. • DEPOSAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIAL
ETHYLENE OXIDE-ETOHALOGENATED HYDROCARBONSHEAVY METALSORGANIC SOLVENTSIONIZING RADIATIONPESTICIDESHERBICIDES
ETHYLENE OXIDE-ETO • USED IN THE PRODUCTION OF ETHYLENE GLYCOL-FOR ANTIFREEZE,POLYESTER FIBER, FILMS, & DETERGENTS. • USED IN STERILIZING EQUIPMENT & SUPPLIES IN HEALTH CARE FACILITIES
ETHYLENE OXIDE-ETO • USED A FUMIGANT IN MEDICAL PRODUCTS,FOODSTUFFS,IN LIBRARIES,& MUSEUMS • EXPOSURE- HX OF EXPOSURE DURING ALL STAGES OF CELL DIVISION IS IMPORTANT • EFFECTS- MAY PRODUCE MUTAGENIC EFFECTS OR SPONTANEOUS ABORTIONS
HALOGENATED HYDROCARBONS • USED IN THE LAUNDRY AND DRY CLEANING INDUSTRIES AND RUBBER INDUSTRIES. • EXPOSURE- OF THE MOTHER OR FATHER TO TERACHOROETHYLENE,VINYL CHLORIDE, CHOROPRENE MAY PRODUCE NEGATIVE EFFECTS.
HALOGENATED HYDROCARBONS • EFFECTS- EXPOSURE TO THESE AGENTS HAVE MUTAGENIC,TERATOGENIC, OR CARINOGENIC EFFECTS. • MATERNAL &/or PATERNAL EXPOSURE BEFORE PREGNANCY MAY HAVE NEGATIVE IMPACT ON PRGNANCY
HALOGENATED HYDROCARBONS-EFFECTS • EXPOSURE DURING PREGNANCY CAN HAVE NEGATIVE EFFECTS ON THE PREGNANCY OR FETUS. • LOSS OF PREGNANCY. • EARLY FETAL DEATH • SPONTANEOUS ABORTION. • STILLBORNS • BIRTH DEFECTS.
HALOGENATED HYDROCARBONS-EFFECTS. • WOMEN ARE MORE SUSCEPTIBLE TO THE EFFECTS OF THESE SUBSTANCES. • INCREASED RISK OF CANCER IN WOMEN EXPOSED TO THESE AGENTS.
HEAVY METALS • CADIUM • LEAD • MERCURY
CADMIUM • USED IN BATTERIES,PIGMENTS/PAINTS, SOLDERING LIQUIDS, SEMICONDUCTORS, PHOTOCELLS, INSECTICIDES, AND FUNGICIDES. • *cadmium is in cigarettes b/o insecticides used in growing tobacco
CADMIUM • EXPOSURE ANYTIME DURING PREGNANCY ESPECIALLY IN FIRST TRIMESTER CAN NEGATIVE EFFECTS. • EFFECTS-SPONTANEOUS ABORTIONS PREMATURE BIRTHS • CAN DECREASE MALE FERTILITY
LEAD • USED IN GASOLINE, BATTERIES,PAINTS, INK, CERAMICS/POTTERY, AMMUNITION, AND TEXTILES. • EXPOSURE CAN OCCUR IN STAIN GLASS ARTISTS,AUTOMOTIVE&/or AIRCRAFT PAINTERS TOO. • EXPOSURE AT ANYTIME IN PREGNANCY
LEAD • EFFECTS-SPONTANEOUS ABORTIONS PREMATURE BIRTHS,EARLY FETAL DEATHS, FETAL DEATHS,IMPAIRED NEUROLOGIC DEVELOPMENT,COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT(MENTAL RETARDATION)
LEAD • EFFECTS- PREMATURE BIRTHS , LOW BIRTH WEIGHT, DECREASED MENTAL DEVELOPMENT
MERCURY • USED IN MECURY VAPOR LAMPS,PAINT,AND THERMOMETERS. • EXPOSPURE AT ANYTIME TO AGENT DURING PREGNACY ESPECIALLY FIRST TRIMESTER. • EFFECT-SPONTANEOUS ABORTIONS, DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES,AND CP
ORGANIC SOLVENTS- BENZENE • USED IN CHEMICAL LABORATORIES. • EXPOSURE TO AGENTS CAN PRODUCE-TERATOGENIC EFFECTS OR CARCINOGENIC EFFECTS. • TERATOGENIC EFFECTS CAN HAPPEN DURING EARLY UNDIFFERENTIATION PHASE.
IONIZING RADIATION • USED IN DIAGNOSTIC AND THERAPEUTICAL PROCEDURES IN THE HEALTH CARE INDUSTRY • AIRPORT SECURITY • SECURITY FOR BUILDINGS. • X-RAYS…...
IONIZING RADIATION • TIME OF EXPOSURE MAY EFFECT THE PREGNANCY/FETUS • MAY EFFECT FERTILITY IN BOTH MEN AND WOMEN. • IF PREGNANT-A WOMENS EXPOSURE SHOULD NOT EXCEED 1.5 RAD DURING PREGNANCY.
IONIZING RADIATION • EFFECTS OF EXPOSURE-HIGH DOSES- SPONTANEOUS ABORTION, LATE FETAL DEATH, NEONATAL DEATH, LOW BIRTH WEIGHT, MICROCEPHALY,MENTAL RETARDATION,INCREASE RISK OF CHILHOOD MORTALITY • INCREASE RISK OF CANCER
IONIZING RADIATION • EFFECTS-DECREASE FERTILITY IN MEN AND WOMEN. • CHROMOSONAL ABERRATIONS • LOW DOSES- ALTERED SEX RATIO, CHILDHOOD MALIGANCIES,CHILDHOOD MORTALITY
VIDEO DISPLAY TERMINALS • ??? DANGER OF VDT IS INCONCLUSVE FURTHER RESEARCH IS NEEDED
PESTICIDES-CHORINATED HYDROCARBONS-CHLORDANE • USED IN CONTROLLING UNWANTED INSECTS IN CROPS, HOME, BUSINESS. • FARMWORKERS MAYBE EXPOSED MORE • EXPOSURE AT ANY STAGE OF PREGNANCY. • EFFECTS-MUTAGENIC, CARCINOGENIC,TERATOGENIC.& DECREASE FERTILITY.
HERBICIDES-2T,4T,5T • USED IN CONTROLLING UNWANTED VEGETATION--WEEDS. • EXPOSURE IN FIRST TRIMESTER. • EFFECTS- TERATOGENIC, SPONTANEOUS ABORTIONS. • *agent orange-herbicide used in Vietnam- reproductive problems and other health problems-DM,GI problems, etc.
WASTE ANESTHETIC AGENTS- HALOGENATED GASES • USED IN HEALTH CARE AREAS SUCH AS HOSPITALS/SURGERY,DENTAL OFFICES,VETERINIAN CLINICS FOR ANESTHETIA • EXPOSURE IN ANY STAGE INCLUDING BEFORE PREGNANCY. * ALSO ALL HEALTH CARE WORKERS SHOULD HAVE CBC, LIVER STUDIES.
WASTE ANESTHETIC AGENTS • EFFECTS OF EXPOSURE-EARLY FETAL DEATHS, ALTERED SEX RATIO,LATE FETAL FETAL DEATHS, LOW BIRTH WEIGHTS,BIRTH DEFECTS,MUTAGENIC,TERATOGENIC,CARCINOGENIC, DECREASED FERTILITY IN MEN • GASES TEND TO DECREASE B VITAMINS
NOISE • AMOUNT OR LEVEL ? • SEEN IN MANUFACTURING PROCESSES,HEAVY MACHINERY/EQUIPMENT OPERATION,ENVIRONMENT,AND PERFORMING(ROCK CONCERTS) • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B_xe1UnaZeg
NOISE • EXPOSURE-TO MORE THAN 85 DECIBELS(dB),CUMULATIVE EXPOSURE • UNCERTAIN WHICH TIME IS MOST CRITICAL----POSSIBLY ALL STAGES.
NOISE EFFECTS • SGA-GROWTH RESTRICTION • LOW BIRTH WEIGHT • PREMATURITY • CHILD HAVING HIGH FREGUENCY HEARING LOSS • DECREASED FERTILITY • SPONTANEOUS ABORTION • CONGENITAL ABNOMALIES
30DB-QUIET LIBRARY/SOFT WHISPER 40DB-QUIET OFFICE/BEDROOM AWAY FROM TRAFFIC 50DB-LIGHT TRAFFIC,REFRIGERATOR. 60DB-AIR CONDITIONER@20FT.,CONVERSAT- ION,SEWING MACHINE 70DB- BUSY TRAFFIC, NOISY RESTAURANT-CONSTANT. NOISE LEVELS
80DB-SUBWAY,HEAVY CITY TRAFFIC,ALARM CLOCK @ 2ft.,FACTORY NOISE-*DANGEROUS IF MORE THAN 8HRS. 90DB- TRUCK TRAFFIC,NOISY HOME APPLIANCES,SHOP TOOLS,LAWN MOWER- * DANGEROUS IF MORE THAN 2HRS. NOISE LEVELS
NOISE LEVELS • 100DB- CHAINSAW, BOILER SHOP PNEUMATIC DRILL- *dangerous if more than 2 hrs.
OTHER FACTORS • TEMPERATURE- • Internal • External • PHYSICAL DEMANDS-
THANK YOU • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mw7gPmOGxIY http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Sx1I979EWzc