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Changes on the Western Frontier Chapter 5

http://www.americaslibrary.gov/cgi-bin/page.cgi/jb/civil/homested_2. http://www.nps.gov/home/index.htm. Changes on the Western Frontier Chapter 5. Section 1: Cultures Clash on the Prairie Section 2: Settling on the Great Plains Section 3: Farmers & the Populist Movement.

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Changes on the Western Frontier Chapter 5

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  1. http://www.americaslibrary.gov/cgi-bin/page.cgi/jb/civil/homested_2http://www.americaslibrary.gov/cgi-bin/page.cgi/jb/civil/homested_2 http://www.nps.gov/home/index.htm Changes on the Western FrontierChapter 5 Section 1: Cultures Clash on the Prairie Section 2: Settling on the Great Plains Section 3: Farmers & the Populist Movement http://students.ou.edu/M/Chad.A.Morris-1/photo.htm http://www.nebraskahistory.org/lib-arch/research/photos/highlite/butcher/photos.htm http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/award97/ndfahtml/ngp_farm_threshing.html http://inventors.about.com/library/inventors/blfarm1.htm http://honoringtheinventor.blogspot.com/2008/12/cast-steel-plow.html

  2. Settlers Flock Westward • Rapid settlement of the Great Plains was possible because of two factors • *Federal Land Policy • *Completion of transcontinental railroad lines http://students.ou.edu/M/Chad.A.Morris-1/photo.htm

  3. Impact of the Railroads • 1850-1871: huge federal land grants given to railroad companies to encourage building • 1st transcontinental railroad – 1869 • Railroad sold extra land to farmers • Railroads sent recruiters to Europe

  4. Europeans Flock to the West Go West • Push Factors: Reasons that people want to leave their home country. • *1. Escape Warfare • *2. Overpopulation • *3. Lack of Economic Opportunity • Pull Factors: Reasons that people want to come to a new country. • *1. Free Land • *2. Economic Opportunity • *3. Political and Economic Freedom

  5. Homestead Act 1862 • The government would give the head of the household 160 acres free if homesteaders would live and make improvements on the land for 5 years. http://www.archives.gov/research/american-west/#land

  6. Problems with the Act

  7. http://www.loc.gov/exhibits/african/afam009.html http://www.loc.gov/exhibits/african/images/hofokan.jpg Exodusters http://www.kshs.org/cool3/exoduster.htm http://www.pbs.org/weta/thewest/program/episodes/seven/theexodust.htm • Kansas invited African Americans from the south to settle in the state. (See poster page 231 or above) • Settled in communities across Kansas • Nicodemus Benjamin "Pap" Singleton http://www.nps.gov/nico/index.htm Listen to Podcast with the Kansas Historical Society: http://www.kshs.org/audiotours/kansasmemory/019_exodusters.htm http://www.territorialkansasonline.org/~imlskto/cgi-bin/index.php?SCREEN=show_document&document_id=102670&SCREEN_FROM=keyword&selected_keyword=Worrall,%20Henry&startsearchat=0&PHPSESSID=ac8e1ca9b1e6315220d081bf2841b538

  8. Oklahoma Land Grab Race • Sooners: Those who snuck into the territory early and claimed land sooner than they should have. • The land run started at high noon on April 22, 1889, with an estimated 50,000 people lined up for their piece of the available two million acres (8,000 km²). http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Land_Run_of_1889 Check out the following site for the Native American point of view:http://www.examiner.com/x-4316-Native-American-Community-Examiner~y2009m4d12-The-Oklahoma-Land-Runs

  9. The Closing of the Frontier • The Government passed legislation to preserve the environment of the west. • * 1872 – Yellowstone National Park • *1890’s – Yosemite, Sequoia, Kings Canyon, Mt. Rainer • By 1880 individuals had claimed 19 million acres • By 1890 the Western frontier was considered gone http://www.hippocampus.org/US%20History%20II

  10. Settlers Meet the Challenges on the Plains • Drought • Floods • Fires • Blizzards • Insect Infestations • Occasional raids by Indians or Outlaws • Not all 160 acres were equal in quality http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/D?ngp:2:./temp/~ammem_e6EW::

  11. Dugouts and Soddies • Soddies: Freestanding house made of stacked sod blocks cut out of the ground • Dugout: Home dug out of a hill or ravine http://www.nps.gov/home/index.htm http://www.americaslibrary.gov/cgi-bin/page.cgi/jb/civil/homested_2 http://www.number09.com/oak_grove/SS_sodbusters.htm

  12. Warm in the winter Cool in the summer Fire Proof Small Little air or light Snakes, insect, pests Leaked when it rained Benefits & Problems http://www.number09.com/oak_grove/Sod12.jpg http://www.number09.com/oak_grove/SS_sodbusters.htm

  13. Lonely Isolated Life People had to be very self-sufficient Feed Family Make Clothing Work in the fields (plowing, planting, harvesting) Care for Animals (cows, hogs, sheep, chickens) Sheer Sheep, card wool, sew or knit clothing from wool Haul water from well Make soap and candles Do laundry by hand Iron clothing Can food Many other things Women’s Work http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/D?ngp:1:./temp/~ammem_yxBp:: http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/D?ngp:13:./temp/~ammem_yxBp:: http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/D?ngp:3:./temp/~ammem_yxBp::

  14. Women’s Work http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/D?ngp:1:./temp/~ammem_mVL9:: http://www.number09.com/oak_grove/Sod6.jpg

  15. New Technology made farming easier, less time-consuming, and more profitable New Equipment Steel Plow – 1837 – John Deere Reaper – 1834 – Cyrus McCormick Grain Drill – 1874 Barbed Wire – 1874 Cordbinder (Harvester) 1878 Reaper that could cut and thresh (Fore-runner of Combine) Windmills Technical and Educational Support for Farmers http://honoringtheinventor.blogspot.com/2008/12/cast-steel-plow.html http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/D?ngp:2:./temp/~ammem_GTgr::

  16. Educational Support • Morrill Land Grant Act 1862 and 1890 • Gave federal land to states to help finance agricultural colleges. • Passed on July 2, 1862, this act made it possible for new western states to establish colleges for their citizens. The new land-grant institutions, which emphasized agriculture and mechanic arts, opened opportunities to thousands of farmers and working people previously excluded from higher education. • Hatch Act 1887 • Established agricultural experimental stations to communicate new developments in agriculture to farmers in every state. http://www.ourdocuments.gov/doc.php?flash=false&doc=33#

  17. Farming Innovations • Development of grains for arid land • Dry farming techniques http://www.hippocampus.org/US%20History%20II

  18. Farmers in Debt

  19. Bonanza Farms • Enormous single crop spreads of 15,000 to 50,000 acres • Why did the big farms fail? • * The couldn’t compete with small farmers who were more flexible in the types of crops they grew • * Droughts

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