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CS621 : Artificial Intelligence

CS621 : Artificial Intelligence. Pushpak Bhattacharyya CSE Dept., IIT Bombay Lecture 15 OWL ontology: An example. Ontology: Building blocks. Concepts Relationships instances. Fundamental relationships. Hypernymy Subclass ( man mammal Membership ( Ram ε man)

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CS621 : Artificial Intelligence

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  1. CS621 : Artificial Intelligence Pushpak BhattacharyyaCSE Dept., IIT Bombay Lecture 15 OWL ontology: An example

  2. Ontology: Building blocks • Concepts • Relationships • instances

  3. Fundamental relationships • Hypernymy • Subclass (man mammal • Membership (Ram ε man) • Meronymy (part whole) (hand part-of body)

  4. Medical Ontologies are famous and elaborate • UMLS, From National Library of Medicine • MeSH (Medical Subject headings (MeSH) • NCI (National Cancer Institute Thesaurus)

  5. UMLS semantic n/w • Major groupings of semantic types include organisms, anatomical structures, biologic function, chemicals, events, physical objects, and concepts or ideas. • Is-a hierarchy • Non-hierarchical relations:`physically related to,' `spatially related to,' `temporally related to,' `functionally related to,' and `conceptually related to.'

  6. Web ontology language • OWL lite • OWL DL • OWL full

  7. Structure of OWL document • Name space http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl# • Name Space name owl • OWL header: version information, ontology comments, import statements, title, creator etc. • Owl:imports used to import other ontologies

  8. Property restriction • Value restrictions • OWL: AllValuesFrom • OWL: SomeValuesFrom • OWL: hasValue • Cardinality restrictions • OWL: minCardinality • OWL: maxCardinality • OWL: cardinality

  9. Complex classes • Owl: Union Of • Owl: IntersectionOf • Owl: ComplementOf

  10. Example ontology

  11. An example from NCI: top level ontology of “disease treatment” • Disease-Treatment • hasCondition: Condition • hasTreatment: Treatment • hasDisease: Disease • hasEffect: Effect • hasEvidence: Evidence

  12. Disease class • Equated to Disease, Disorder or finding Class • Disease, Disorder or finding • Disease or Disorder • Behaviour disorder • Cancer condition • Disorder by site • Genetic disorder • Hamartoma • Neoplasm • Neoplasm by site • Neoplasm by morphology • polyp • Finding

  13. Properties associated with disease • hasLocationAnatomy (equated with Anatomic Structure, System or Substance) • hasSizeQuantity • hasDurationQuantity • atStageDiseaseStage

  14. Quantity class • <Quantity> • <Quantityvalue rdf:datatype=float> • 59.5 • </Quantityvalue> • <QuantityUnit rdf:resource=Kilogram> • KG • </ <QuantityUnit> • </Quantity>

  15. Anatomic Structure, System or Substance class • Anatomic Structure, System or Substance • Body cavity • Body Fluid or substance • Body Part • Anatomic Surface • Cardiovascular System • Cell part • Fossa • Gastrointestinal System part • Anterior surface of stomach • Antrum Pylori • Appendix

  16. Treatment Class link • Two subproperties • hasPrimaryTreatment and • hasSeconderyTreatment • Subclasses • Chemotherapy Regimen • Drug, Food. Chemical or Biomedical Material • Intervention or Procedure

  17. Two general properties of the treatment class • HasfrequencyAdminstrationFrequency (3 times a day, every 4 hours etc.) • hasDuration AdminsitrationDuration (10 days, one month etc.)

  18. Properties of Drug, Food and Chemicals class link • hasAdministration: AdminsitrationMethod • hasDosage: Dosage

  19. An actual instance of dosage • MDT-1 administration: Drug,Food,Chemicals • Dosage: 109 cfu • AdministrationFrequency: 3 times a week • AdministrationDuration: 4 weeks

  20. The Effect Class • atTImeTemporalObject (how long after the treatment does the effect occur) • hasMeasurementMethodMeasurementMethod • hasModalityModality (degree of confidence “posible”, “probable”, “unlikely” etc.) • hasEffectObjectEfffectObject (the object upon which the effect occurs, e.g., “skin”) • hasObjectAttributeObjectAttribute (the specific attribute being effected, e.g., “colour”) • hasEffectTypeEffectType (e.g. “reduce”, “inhibit”, “prevent”, “remove”) • hasEffectvalueEffectValue( specifies the direction and extent of the effect) • hasEvidenceEvidence (to link the details of the research study and results)

  21. Condition class • Three subclasses • PatientCondition (age, gender, hasMedicalhistory etc.) • DiseaseCondition (presence of disease, e.g., diabetes will indicate a different line of treatment) • TreatmentCondition (supportive/optiona/recommended medical environment prior to or during the treatment and includes the property TreatmentHistory, e.g., a certain chemotherapy was done three weeks back)

  22. Evidence class • Providedby Organization (e.g., NIMH) • hasResearchLocationLocation (e.g., TMH, Mumbai) • hasResearchTypeResearchType (e.g., systematic review, randomized control trial, animal studies etc.) • hasExperimentalSubject ExperimentalSubject (e.g., person, mouse etc.) • hasSampleSizeQuantity • hasDurationTemporalQuantityQuantity

  23. Automation effort • Extarction by a program from Medical Abstracts • Research at NTU, Signapore uner Prof. Christopher Khoo

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