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Japan’s Perspective on Asian Regionalism by Akiko Fukuda

This article explores Japan's approach to Asian regionalism, including its role in the Cold War and post-Cold War era, domestic debates, and perspective on the US role in Asia. It also discusses the Fukuda Doctrine and Japan's involvement in Asian community building. The article concludes with policy recommendations and a discussion on the Japanese perspective on the US role in the region.

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Japan’s Perspective on Asian Regionalism by Akiko Fukuda

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  1. Japan’s Perspective on Asian Regionalismby Akiko Fukuda 1M100382-9 MayukoOmura

  2. Outline • Introduction: Japanese Approach to Asian Regionalism • The Cold War and Post Cold War Era • Domestic Debates • Perspective on the U.S. Role in Asia • Conclusion by Fukuda • Comments

  3. Multilateralism VS. Bilateralism • 1918-1939 Between two world wars • 1992 International Peace Cooperation Law • 1902-1922 Great Britain • 1940-1945 Germany (and Italy) • 1952- The U.S. • 1991- The end of Cold War

  4. East Asian Co-Prosperity Sphere http://japanfocus.org/-Janis-Mimura/3657

  5. Policies and Organizations • Independent Foreign Policy • United Nations Security Council (UNSC) • International Monetary Fund (IMF) http://www.apcss.org/about-2/ap-countries/

  6. Two Challenges • Reconciling multilateralism and bilateralism • Painful history between Asian countries Japan’s role in Asian regionalism and community building

  7. The Cold War Era • Bilateralism > Regionalism/ Multilateralism • 1956 Japan joins United Nations • Three Pillars of Foreign Policy • Foreign policy centered around UN • Closer with Asian nations • Cooperation with Western allies

  8. The Fukuda Doctrine • “Japan is committed to peace, and rejects the role of a military power.” • “will do its best to consolidate the relationship of mutual confidence and trust based on "heart-to-heart" understanding with the nations of Southeast Asia.” • “will cooperate positively with ASEAN while aiming at fostering a relationship based on mutual understanding with the countries of Indochina and will thus contribute to the building of peace and prosperity throughout Southeast Asia.” http://old.asean.or.jp/eng/asean40/fukuda.html

  9. Cold War Era (Cont.) • Pre-War Japan • Military power • Political power • Economical power • Post-War Japan (Cold War Era) • Bilateral relations • Lack of regional solidarity

  10. Post-Cold War Era • Development of multiculturalism • “Sakamoto Report” from MITI • Asian-Pacific regionalism • APEC led by the U.S. • East Asian regionalism • non-leadership role in EAEC • Democratization of Southeastern countries • Globalization • The Lost Decade • Distanced away especially in the economic sphere

  11. After the Asian Financial Crisis… • New Asian Monetary Fund • The New Miyazawa Institute • ASEAN Plus Three (APT) • Chian Mai Initiative • Three Issue Papers by Japan • East Asian Community • East Asia Summit (EAS) • Functional approach

  12. (Continued) • “Nikai Initiative” by the Ministry of Economy, Trade, and Industry (METI) • Comprehensive Economic Partnership in East Asia (CEPEA) • Economic Research Institute for ASEAN and East Asia (ERIA) • Bilateralism • Free-Trade Agreements (FTAs)/Economic Partnership Agreements (EPAs)

  13. ERIA Concept ASEAN ASEAN+6 ASEAN+1 ASEAN+3 Policy Recommendations ASEAN Strong Partnership with Existing Institutions in East Asia For Less-Developed Countries Support ASEANt ERIA Japan East Asian Countries Contributions

  14. Northeast Asian Security • ASEAN Regional Forum (ARF) • Asian security issues • Korean peninsula security • Six Party Talks • Koizumi Junichiro’s visit to Pyongyang Key to Asian regionalism/multilateralism

  15. Official Japanese Standpoint • Economic interest regionalism • Long-tern goal, but ongoing • Economic community  FTA/EPA  financial and monetary community •  stop at economics • Functional cooperation •  to nontraditional security

  16. Japanese Government • Agree on the long-term process • 2005 Diet Policy Speech • Government participation • Open community • Various ministries, different opinions • APT VS. EAS • APT and EAS will co-exist • Balancing the benefits and drawbacks

  17. Debates • Functional Approach? • Universal Values? • Functional approach and universal values? http://www.mangolanguages.com/blog/language-corner/a-dramatic-lesson-in-critical-thinking/

  18. Perspective on the U.S. Role Japanese Perspective • Keep bilateral alliance • Hard security issues • universal values U.S.’s Response • Supportive in Japan’s effort • Willing to participate

  19. Conclusion of Fukuda • Five Principals of Asian Regionalism • Bilateral and multiculturalism • Cooperation and competition • Open regionalism • Universal values • Functional approach • Bilateralism, regionalism, and multiculturalism • Reconcile its past  positive contribution to Asia’s future

  20. My Opinion • Strong bilateral relationship between Japan and the U.S. • U.S. welcomed in Asia • U.S. assistance as essential to Asian Regionalism • Universal approach and functional approach

  21. Thank you !!

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