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Foundations of English Governance: Monarchs, Magna Carta, and Parliament

Explore the key aspects of English political and legal traditions that shaped our government, from the rule of monarchs to the signing of Magna Carta, the establishment of Parliament, and the enduring influence on modern rights and governance.

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Foundations of English Governance: Monarchs, Magna Carta, and Parliament

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  1. 2.1 Our English Heritage

  2. 1. Monarch – ruled England - gave nobles ownership and control of land - nobles gave loyalty, tax payments, and military support

  3. 2. English traditions -4 traditions helped shape our form of government -Magna Carta -English Bill of Rights -England’s unwritten constitution -use of common law

  4. 3. Magna Carta – 1199 King John inherits the throne - harsh ruler - 1215 nobles rebel - forced King John to sign “Great Charter” - protected the nobles privileges and authority law

  5. - granted rights to landowners - equal treatment under the law - trial by peers - limited the power of the monarch - no one is above the law

  6. 4. Parliament – began in late 1300s - legislature - cooperation between monarch and parliament - 1688 King James II was removed from power by parliament showing parliament is now stronger

  7. - replaced by daughter Mary and her husband William - known as the Glorious Revolution (peaceful transfer of power) - no ruler would be greater than the legislature The glorious revolution

  8. 5. English Bill of Rights – 1689 - rights for ruler, citizens, and parliament - all actions needed consent of Parliament

  9. - monarch could not suspend - Parliaments laws - create special courts - impose taxes - act in a military conflict

  10. - Parliament would be freely elected - free speech - citizens would have a fair trial by jury and stop cruel and unusual punishment

  11. 6. Common law – customs and precedents - judges look to earlier cases to make a ruling (precedent) - American laws about contracts, property and personal injury is based on common law

  12. 7. Jamestown – 1st colony - founded 1607 - granted a charter from King James I - 1619 set up Virginia House of Burgesses - beginning of self government - 22 burgesses (men) - 2 from each county - elected by colonists - little power

  13. 8. Mayflower Compact – Pilgrims written plan of government - direct democracy - males vote - majority rules - just and equal laws

  14. 9. Colonial government – 13 governments - governor - elected by colonists - appointed by English king - legislature - elected representatives - modeled after English Parliament

  15. - each colony had - church - school - hospital - fire department

  16. 10. Today – many of the rights that we have today can be traced back to the political and legal traditions of England

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