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Traveling Without Moving. Foreign news and boundary-crossing in Cyberspace Jeremy Edwards University of Texas at Austin. The Online World. It’s now easier than ever to find foreign media/cultural products on the Internet
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Traveling Without Moving Foreign news and boundary-crossing in Cyberspace Jeremy Edwards University of Texas at Austin
The Online World • It’s now easier than ever to find foreign media/cultural products on the Internet • The online world has its own “geography” of cultures and nations--just like the “real” world • What happens when people “travel” virtually over the Internet? How can we think about this phenomenon?
Diaspora in Cyberspace • Anderson (1991): Nations as “imagined communities” thru print media • Thompson (2002): Visual vs. print • Mitra (1997): Web sites exclude some people and welcome others • Boczkowski (1999): expats overtly express cultural ideas taken for granted at home
Boundary Crossing • Halavais (2000): National boundaries re-created on the Internet • Need a concept that covers both virtual and real-world “boundaries” • (Though really, all boundaries are virtual) • Information or cultural product is traveling, even if a person isn’t
Acculturation, real and virtual • Acculturation/socialization related to long-term, regular, non-threatening interpersonal communication • Melkote & Liu (2000): Chinese grad students “going home” over the Internet • Increased behavioral acculturation • Decreased value acculturation
Online Survey, November 2003 • 790 American college students: are they boundary-crossers? • 92% have traveled abroad • 49% use the Internet to communicate internationally • 20% read foreign news websites • Three different groups, or just one?
Boundary-crossers are travelers • Foreign news readers are people who have already been abroad • Traveling to more countries--> more likely to read foreign news • Same relationship, but weaker, for travel --> international communication
Travelers OOOOOOOOOO OOOOOOOOOO OOOO OOOOOOOOOOOOOOO O O O OO OOO OOO Foreign News Readers O O * Communicators O O O O
Liberalization? • Travelers, communicators, foreign-news readers are all more liberal than non-boundary-crossers… • …but only if they are 25-and-under • Alwin & Krosnick (1991): 25-and-under’s most likely to change political identity
A map for boundary crossing • Travel abroad • Acculturation takes place • Return home • Media used to reinforce/revisit/expand travel experience • In “impressionable years,” liberalization takes place too
Issues/Problems/Questions • 92% Travelers: representative sample? • Liberal/Conservative maybe an oversimplification of acculturation--but something is going on • Are online travelers “traveling” to new places, or “going home” to places they’ve already been? • Other types of boundary crossing?