MkW - fo’.kq jktxf <+;k jkT ; leUo;d ] > kj [ kaM iapk;r efgyk fjlkslZ lsaVj

1. >kj[kaMesaiapk;rksadsvf/kdkj ,oadrZO; Dr. Vishnu RajgadiaState CoordinatorJharkhand Panchayat Women Resource CentreState Institute of Rural Development, Hehal, Ranchi MkW- fo’.kqjktxf<+;k jkT; leUo;d] >kj[kaMiapk;refgykfjlkslZlsaVj lMZ] lkmFkdSail] gsgy] jkaph

2. Hkkjrdklafo/kku & vuqPNsn 40 & jkT; dsuhfrfuns”kdrRojkT; xzkeiapk;rksadklaxBudjusdsfy, dnemBk,xkvkSjmudks ,slh “kfDr;kavkSjizkf/kdkjiznkudjsxktksmUgsaLok;Rr “kklu dh bdkb;ksads :iesadk;Zdjus ;ksX; cukusdsfy, vko”;d gksaA bulfefr;ksa us Hkhiapk;rhjktdkst:jhcrk;k cyoarjk; esgrklfefr dh flQkfj”k & 1957v”kksdesgrklfefr dh flQkfj”k & 1977ihohdsjkolfefr dh flQkfj”k & 1985 ysfdu 1993 rd iapk;rksadkslaoS/kkfudnjtkughafeykA

3. 1993 esalafo/kkuesa 73 okala”kks/kugqvk • blesa f=&Lrjh; iapk;rhjktO;oLFkk dh x;h & • xzke] iaz[kM ,oaftykLrjh;A • iapk;rksadksLo'kklu dh laLFkkcukusdsfy, fuEufyf[krvf/kdkjfn;stkldrsgSa& • 29 fo"k;ksadslaca/k esavkfFkZdfodklvkSjlkekftdU;k; dsfy, ;kstuk,arS;kjdjukvkSjmudkfu"iknudjukA¼bu 29 fo’k;ksadkslafo/kkuesaX;kjgohavuqlwphds :iesatksM+kx;kA½ • dj] M;wVht] V‚y] 'kqYdvkfnyxkusvkSjmlsolwydjusdkiapk;rksadksvf/kdkj • jkT;ksa }kjk ,d= djksa] M;wfV;ksa] V‚yvkSj 'kqYdksadkiapk;rksadksgLrkarj.k

4. iapk;rksa dh “kfDr % laoS/kkfudizko/kku • lafo/kkudsvuqPNsn 243 ¼th½esaiapk;rksadks 29 fo’k;ksa dh “kfDrnsusdkmYys[k fd;kx;kgSA • blvuqPNsn dh dafMdkchesalkekftdU;k; ,oavkfFkZdfodklgsrqX;kjgohavuqlwphlslanfHkZr “kfDr;kansus dh ckrdghx;hgSA • lafo/kkudsmDrizko/kku ,oa 11 ohavuqlwphdsrgr 29 fo’k;ksa dh lwphuhpsdsistesanhx;hgSA • mijksDrizko/kkuksadsvarxZr >kj[kaMiapk;rjktvf/kfu;e dh /kkjk 75] 76 ,oa 77 esadze”k% xzkeiapk;r] iapk;rlfefr ,oaftykifj’kndksbufo’k;ksalslacaf/krd`R; djus dh “kfDrdkizko/kkugSA • jktLFkkuljdkj }kjknhx;h “kfDrdsvuq:i >kj[kaMesad`f’kfoHkkx] lektdY;k.kfoHkkx ,oaf”k{kkfoHkkx us iapk;rksadks “kfDr;kanhgSaA • LokLF; ,oadY;k.kfoHkkx }kjkladYitkjhdjus dh izfdz;kpyjghgSA • QaM] QaD”ku ,oaQaD”kujht dh “kfDr;kaiapk;rksadksfoHkkxh; ladYids }kjknhtkuhgSA

5. Constitutional Provision • 243G. Powers, authority and responsibilities of Panchayats.- Subject to the provisions of this Constitution, the Legislature of a State may, by law, endow the Panchayats with such powers and authority as may be necessary to enable them to function as institutions of self-government and such law may contain provisions for the devolution of powers and responsibilities upon Panchayats at the appropriate level, subject to such conditions as may be specified therein, with respect to- • (a) the preparation of plans for economic development and social justice; • (b) the implementation of schemes for economic development and social justice as may be entrusted to them including those in relation to the matters listed in the Eleventh Schedule.

6. 11th Schedule of the Constitution 15. Non-conventional energy sources. 16. Poverty alleviation programme. 17. Education, primary -secondary schools. 18. Technical training , vocational education. 19. Adult and non-formal education. 20. Libraries. 21. Cultural activities. 22. Markets, fairs. 23. Health and sanitation, hospitals, primary health centres and dispensaries. 24. Family welfare. 25. Women and child development. 26. Social welfare, including welfare of the handicapped and mentally retarded. 27. Welfare of the weaker sections, and in particular, of the SC/ST 28. Public distribution system. 29. Maintenance of community assets.“. 1. Agriculture, including agricultural extension. 2. Land improvement, land reforms, land consolidation, soil conservation. 3. Minor irrigation, water management and watershed development. 4. Animal husbandry, dairying and poultry. • Fisheries. • 6. Social forestry and farm forestry. 7. Minor forest produce. 8. Small scale and food processing industries. 9. Khadi, village and cottage industries. 10. Rural housing. 11. Drinking water. 12. Fuel and fodder. 13. Roads, culverts, bridges, ferries, waterways and other means of communication. 14. Rural electrification, distribution of electricity.

7. >kj[kaMesafnlacj 2010 esaiapk;rpqukogq, Lrj la[;k fuokZfprizfrfuf/k xzkeiapk;r 4384 43475 iapk;rlfefr 259 4384 ftykifj’kn 24 349

8. 32 lkydscknjkT; esaiapk;rdspqukogksusdsdkj.kfuokZfprizfrfuf/k;ksadk {kerkfuekZ.kcM+hpqukSrh • yxHkx 56 izfr”krinksaijefgyk,a • efgykizfrfuf/k;ksadkl”kfDrdj.kHkhizkFkfedrk • d`f’k ,oaxUukfodklfoHkkx] lektdY;k.k] efgyk ,oackyfodklfoHkkx] ekuolalk/kufoHkkx] is;ty ,oaLoPNrkfoHkkx] LokLF; foHkkxbR;kfn us iapk;rksadksfofHkUuvf/kdkj ,oadk;ZlkSaisgSaA • vU; dqNfoHkkxksaesaizfdz;ktkjhgSA

9. 23 Qjojhdkseksjkcknhesaiapk;refgyk “kfDrvfHk;kudseaplsegkefgejkT;iky us vkBfoHkkxksaesa “kh/kzvf/kdkj dh ?kks’k.kk dh& • [kk| vkiwfrZfoHkkx¼tuforj.kiz.kkyhdslaca/k esa½ • is;ty ,oaLoPNrkfoHkkx • xzkeh.kfodklfoHkkx • m|ksxfoHkkx • ou ,oai;kZoj.kfoHkkx • y?kqflapkbZfoHkkx • i'kqikyu ,oaeRL; ikyufoHkkx • dyk] laLd`fr] [ksydwn ,oa ;qokdk;ZfoHkkx

10. >kj[kaMesaiapk;rksadkfoRrh; vf/kdkj iz”kklfudLohd`frdkvf/kdkj& • xzkeiapk;r¼eqf[k;k½ & ikapyk[k rd] iapk;rlfefr & nlyk[k rd • ftykifj’kn & 25 yk[k rd Lora= :ils] 25 yk[k lsT;knkljdkj dh vuqefrlsA • iz”kklfudLohd`friapk;rlfefr @ ftykifj’kn dh cSBdesanhtk;sxhAcgqerlsnhx;hLohd`frdksghekU;rkfeysxhAizeq[k@v/;{k Lora= :ilsLohd`frughansaxsA iapk;r dh fuf/k ls ;kstukijrduhdhLohd`fr & • ¼1½ lgk;dvfHk;ark] ftykifj’kn@led{k lgk;dvfHk;ark & nlyk[k rd • ¼2½ ftykvfHk;ark] ftykifj’kn@led{k dk;ZikydvfHk;ark & iphlyk[k rd • ¼3½ v/kh{k.kvfHk;ark & ipklyk[k rd ¼4½ eq[; vfHk;ark & ipklyk[k lsvf/kd • mDriz”kklfud ,oarduhdhLohd`fr dh vf/klhekiapk;rhjktlaLFkkvksadksdsanzljdkj@ jkT; ljdkj @ vU; laLFkk @ Lofuf/k lsizkIrfuf/k;ksa }kjkyhtkusokyh ;kstukijykxwgksxhA • eaf=eaMylfpoky; dsladYi & Kkikad 334 fnukad 11-03-2011 dsvuqlkjiapk;rhjktlaLFkkvksa }kjknksyk[k rd izkDdfyrjkf”k dh NksVh ;kstukvksadkdk;kZUo;uLFkkuh; ykHkqdlfefrdsek/;e lsdjk;ktk;sxkA

11. lektdY;k.kesaiapk;rksadsvf/kdkj ,oadrZO; • 1- vkaxuckM+hdsUnzHkoudkvuqj{k.k] ejEefr ,oalqlTthdj.k & • budk;ksZa dh jkf'kftykifj"kndksmiyC/k djk;htk;sxhAbldkdk;kZUo;uiapk;rhjktlaLFkkds }kjkviusfu;a=.k esalEikfnrdjk;ktk;sxkA

12. 2- vkaxuckM+hdsUnzksaesalapkfyrxfrfof/k;ka • ¼d½vkaxuckM+hdsUnzdks le; ij [kksyusvkSjfu;ferlapkyuesaLFkkuh; iapk;rhjktlaLFkk,¡ fuxjkuh j[ksxhvkSjbldkfu;fervuqJo.kdjsxhA • fdlhHkhvfu;ferrkdslanHkZesaviukizfrosnuckyfodklifj;kstukLrjijvuq'kalklfgrHkstsxhA • ¼[k½ykHkqdksadkp;u &vkaxuckM+hdsUnzdsiks"kd {ks= dsvUrxZriwjdiks"kkgkjykHkqdksadkp;u 03 o"kZls 06 o"kZ rd cPpksadksxeZ [kkuk ,oaxHkZorh ,oa /kk=h ekrkvksarFkk Ng ekglsrhuo’kZdscPpksadksVh-,p-vkj- Vsdgksejk”kuforj.kdsLFkkuh; LrjijxfBriapk;rhjktlaLFkkvksadhHkwfedkegRoiw.kZgksxhA • oslqfuf'prdjsxhfdftuykHkkFkhZdksykHkfn;ktkjgkgS] osokLrfodykHkqdgksAihvkjvkbdsUnzijmudh 'krizfr'krmifLFkfresavkaxuckM+hdsUnzdslsfodk ,oalgkf;dkdksHkhviuklg;ksxiznkudjsxhA • fu;fermifLFkfrdkslqfuf'prdjusesaiapk;rizfrfuf/k lfØ; ;ksxnkunsaxsrFkkvko';dfn'kk&funsZ'klsfodk ,oalgkf;dkdks ns ldsxsaA • 3- iwjdiks"kkgkjdk;ZØe &Hkkjrljdkjds fu/kkZfjrekin.Mdsvuq:imiyC/krk ,oaxq.koÙkk dh tk¡pdjlqfuf'prdjus dh tokcnsghiapk;rhjktlaLFkkvkas dh gksxhA • bldhvfu;ferrk dh tk¡pdjckyfodklifj;kstukinkf/kdkjhLrjijviuklq>ko ,oavuq'kalkHkstsxsaA

13. 4- LdwyiwoZf'k{kk &vkaxuckM+hdsUnzdksulZjhfo|ky; ds :iesaifjofrZrdjus dh ;kstukdsvuq:iLdwyiwoZf'k{kkdksjkspdcukusgsrqiz;klfd;kx;kgSALdwyiwoZf'k{kkdklapkyuizR;sdvkaxuckM+hdsUnzijlqfuf'prdjusesaiapk;rhjktlaLFkkviuklg;ksxiznkudjsxhrFkk le;&le; ijLdwyiwoZf'k{kkdsfy, vko';dlq>komiyC/k djk;sxhA >kj[k.Mf'k{kkifj;kstuk@lektdY;k.kfoHkkx }kjkvkiwfrZ dh x;hLdwyiwoZf'k{kkdhV~ldsiz;ksxdks c<+koknsaxsA • izfrj{k.k &LokLF; fpfdRlk ,oaifjokjdY;k.kfoHkkx ,oalektdY;k.k] efgyk ,oackyfodklfoHkkx }kjkla;qDrvkns'kdsvuq:iizfrj{k.kdk;ZesaxzkeLokLF; ,oaiks’k.kfnol (VHND - Village Health Nutrition Day) ijlHkhiapk;rhjktlaLFkk,¡ viuhmifLFkfresablfnolijizfrj{k.kdks c<+koknsusrFkkVh,pvkjdksviusfuxjkuhesalghykHkqdksadschplghek=k esaforj.kdjsxhrFkkforj.klwphijviuhmifLFkfrntZdjldsxhA

14. iks"k.k ,oaLokLF; f'k{kk &iapk;rhjktlaLFkkiks"k.k ,oaLokLF; f'k{kk dh O;oLFkkdksvkaxuckM+hdsanzksaijykxwdjusesaviuhldkjkRedHkwfedkvnkdjrsgq, dqiks’k.kdsfo:) vfHk;kuesalfdz; :ilsHkkxysrsgq, cPpksa dh “krizfr”krcPpksa dh Ldzhfuax ,oadqiksf’krcPpksadksnqxqukiks’kkgkjforj.krFkkfdzfudyfVzVesaVdsfy, fpfUgrcPpksadks ,e-Vh-lh- HkstusrFkk ,e-Vh-lh- lsokilvkusdsi”pkrizFke] f}rh; ,oar`rh; QkyksvigsrqvkaxuckM+hdsanzLrjijiwjhfuxjkuh j[ksxhAbldslkFkdE;qfuVhcsLMlaizs’k.kesaegRoiw.kZHkwfedkvnkdjsxhA • gsYFkpsdvi & vkaxuckM+hdsUnzLrjijLokLF; ijh{k.k ,,u,eds }kjkfu;fer :ilslEikfnrgksblijiapk;rhjktlaLFkk 'krr~ fuxjkuh j[ksxhAblesaLokLF; lfg;k dh HkwfedkHkhegRoiw.kZgSAesfMdyfdVmi;ksxdsfy, ykHkwdksadksizssfjrdjukrFkkLVkWd dh tkapHkhiapk;rizfrfuf/k;ksa }kjk dh tk;sxhA

15. eq[;ea=h dU;knku ;kstuk & eq[;ea=h dU;knku ;kstukdsykHkqdksadkp;uesaiapk;rhjktlaLFkklfØ; HkkxhnkjhfuHkk;sxh] ftllsfd ;kstukdkykHkokLrfodykHkkFkhZdksizkIrgksldsA • y{eh ykMyh ;kstuk & jkT; ljdkjdsblegRokdka{kh ;kstukesatUeysusokysokLrfodykHkkFkhZdksbl ;kstukdk 'krizfr’krykHkfeysbldsfy, iapk;rhjktlaLFkk dh lfØ; Hkwfedkvko’;dgS] rkfdlghykHkqddksbl ;kstuklstksM+ktk;Abl ;kstukdklghizpkjdjlektdksbldkvf/kdkf/kdykHkizkIrgksldsA • Lokehfoosdkuanfu”kDrLokoyacuizksRlkgu ;kstuk& bl ;kstukeasikapo"kZmijdsfu’kDrcPpksadksiapk;rhjktlaLFkk ,slsNqVsgq, ykHkqdksadkstksM+us ,oaykHkizkIrdjusokysykHkqdksadkscSad [kkrsesajkf’kizkIrgksjghgS ;k ugha dh tkapLFkkuh; LrjijdjsaxsAbllslacaf/krlq>koifj;kstukdk;kZy; dksmiyC/k djk;sxsaA • fodykaxNk=o`fr & bl ;kstukesaHkhykHkqdksadksp;uesaiapk;rjktlaLFkklfØ; HkkxhnkjhfuHkk;sxhAokLrfodykHkqddksykHkughagksusdsfLFkfresamudhvuq’kalkckyfodklifj;kstukLrjijHkstktk;sxkAykHkqdksaijfuxjkuh j[ksaxhrkfdokLrfodykHkqdksadks ;kstukdkykHkfu;ferizkIrgksldsA

16. Mk;uizFkkmUewyu & bllkekftddqfjfr;ksadsmUewyuessifj;kstuk ,oavkaxuckM+hdsUnzLrjijlapkfyrdk;ZØeksaesaiapk;rjktlaLFkklfØ; HkkxhnkjhfuHkk;sxh ,oalektesabldsfy, tutkx:drkvfHk;kuesaHkkxysusdsfy, izksRlkfgrdjsxhA • vUrtkZrh; fookg &vUrtkZrh; fookgdks c<+koknsusgsrqljdkj }kjkfn;stkusokysvuqnkujkf”kdkokLrfodykHkiapk;rhjktlaLFkkviuklfØ; Hkkxhnkjhlqfuf'prdjsxh ,oaykHkkFkhZdsp;uesaviukijke'kZHkh j[k ldsxhA • fodykaxdsfy, fo'ks"kmidj.k & fodykxdsfy, fo'ks"kmidj.kdkforj.kftykLrjijfd;ktkrkgS] ftlesaiapk;rhjktlaLFkkviuhvuq'kalkHkstsaxsrFkkykHkqdksa dh fuxjkuhHkh j[ksxhA • ewdcf/kjfo|ky;] us=ghufo|ky;] o`)k vkJe] fodykaxfo|ky;] efgykNk=kokl] vukFkky;&fofHkUuftykeq[;ky; esaLFkkfirljdkjh ,oaxSjljdkjhlaLFkkvksa }kjklapkfyr ,slsdsUnzksadkfuxjkuh ,oavuqJo.kiapk;rhjktlaLFkk le;&le; ijdjsxhA

17. dkfeZd (Functionaries) • vkaxuckM+hlsfodk ,oalgkf;dkdkp;u & • lektdY;k.k] efgyk ,oackyfodkl }kjkfuxZri= 585 fnukad 02-06-2006 dsvkyksdesavkaxuckM+hlsfodk ,oalgkf;dkdkp;uxzkelHkkdsLrjijfd;ktkrkgSA • p;udsmijkUriapk;rlfefr ,oaftykifj"kndkslwfprdjfn;ktk;sxkA

18. dks"k¼Fund½ & vkaxuckM+hdsUnzHkoudkvuqj{k.k] ejEefr] lqlTthdj.k • bl en esactV dh jkf'kftykifj"kndksnhtk;sxhA • ftykifj"kn dh ;g ftEesokjhgksxhfdiapk;rlfefrdslg;ksxlsoSlsvkaxuckM+hdsUnzHkouftldkejEefrfd;ktkukvko';dgS] mu HkouksadksfpfUgrdjbldsfy, l{keizkf/kdkjlsizkDdyuijrduhfdLohd`frizkIrdjmiyC/k djk;sx;svkoaVulsejEefrdk;ZlEikfnrdjsaxsA • bl ;kstukij O;; jkf”k ,oaHkkSfrdmiyfC/k dh lwpukftykifj’kn }kjklektdY;k.kfoHkkxdksmiyC/k djk;htk;sxhA

19. foHkkxh; lfefr;k¡ (Departmental committees) • xzkeiapk;r] iapk;rlfefr ,oaftykLrjdslHkhlfefr;ksadkslek;ksftrfd;ktkuk & • ftyk] iz[k.MvkSjxzkeiapk;rLrjijxfBr dh x;hlektdY;k.k] efgyk ,oackyfodklfoHkkxlaca/khlHkhfoHkkxh; lfefr;ksaesa ;Fkkuqlkj] iapk;rksa] iapk;rlfefr ,oaftykifj"kndslnL;ksadks 'kkfeyfd;ktk;sxkA

20. vkaxuckM+h % eq[; dke ,oalsok,a • gjeghus ,d fuf'prfnuij ^LokLF; iks"k.kfnol* dkvk;kstudjukA • Vhdkdj.k % xHkZorhvkSj ,d o"kZlsNksVscPpksadkikapckjVhdkdj.kdjdsiw.kZVhdkdj.kdjukA • LdwyiwoZf'k{kk ,oacPpksadksiks"kkgkj • ekWadksLruiku ,oaf'k'kqvkgkjijlykg • iks"kkgkj % xHkZorh&?kk=h vkSj 6 ekgls 3 o"kZdscPpksadksiks"kkgkj

21. iks"kkgkj dh ek=k izfrekg

22. vkaxuckM+h % iapk;r dh Hkwfedk • ekrk&lfefr • dqiks"k.k dh igpku¼,e-;w-,-lh- VsivkSjMCY;w-,p-vks- dsekin.M }kjk½ • vfrxaHkhjdqiksf"krcPpksdksdqiks"k.kmipkjdsUnzesaHkstuk • eerkokgudkykHkfnykuk • 'kr&izfr'krlaLFkkxrizlodks c<+koknsuk • tuuhf'k'kqlqj{kkdk;ZØe • xzkeLrjij :i;s 10]000 vUVkbZMQaM dh miyC/krk • ?kjvk/kkfjruotkrf'k'kqizca/kuijlfg;kdk de ls de ,d ekgesa 7 ckjHkze.k • vkWxuckM+hlsfodkdkekgesarhuckjx`gHkze.k • ?kjesaizlogq, lHkhcPpksadk 21 fnudsvUnjiathdj.kvkSjlfVZfQdsV

23. d`f’kfoHkkxesaiapk;rksadsvf/kdkj ,oadrZO; dk;Z] tksxzkeiapk;r@iapk;rlfefr@ftykifj"kndsLrjijgksaxs & • 1- d`f"kdk;Z ;Fkkcht dh vko';drkdkvkdyu ,oaforj.k] moZjddkvkdyu ,oaforj.k] [kk|kUuvf/kizkfIr ,oaHkaMkj.k] vU; d`f"kmiknkuksa@ midj.kksadkforj.k ,oavU; d`f"kdk;ksZdslQydk;kZUo;udkvuqJo.k@i;Zos{k.kA • 2- d`f"kdk;ksZdslQydk;kZUo;ugsrqlqik= ykHkkfUorksadkp;udjukA • 3- d`"kdksadksd`f"k _.k dh miyC/krklqfuf'prdjuk ,oafdlkuØsfMVdkMZforj.kbR;kfnA • 4- ftyk@iz[k.M@iapk;rLrjh; izpkjizlkj@izn'kZuh@dk;Z'kkykvksabR;kfndkvk;kstudjkukA • 5- d`"kddksQlychekdjkusgsrqizsfjrdjukrFkkmldkHkqxrkulqfuf'prdjkukA

26. f”k{kkfoHkkxesaiapk;rksadsvf/kdkj ,oadrZO; d- dk;Z¼Functions)%& • xzkeiapk;rfo|ky;ksadk ,d jftLVjrS;kjdjsxhrFkkmldkvuqj{k.kdjsxhA • izkFkfedfo|ky;ksadsekuolalk/kuksarFkkmuesamiyC/k lqfo/kkvksadkMkVkoslrS;kjdjsxhA • fo|ky; izca/k lafefr dh HkkxhnkjhlsloZf'k{kkvfHk;ku ;kstuklfgrf'k{kk ;kstuk,arS;kjdjsxhA • u, izkFkfedf'k|ky;ksadsfy, Hkwfedkp;udjsxhrFkkfo|ky; izca/k lfefrdslg;ksxls mu ijHkoucuk,xhvkSjfo|ky; Hkouksadklaj{k.kdjsxhA • xzkeiapk;rlHkhcPpksadkukekadulqfuf'prdjsxhA • izkFkfedf'k{kkdkschpeasghNksM+ nsusdksjksdusdkiz;kldjsxhA • fo|ky; izca/k lfefrdsek/;e lsykHkqdksadkp;udjsxhvkSjNk=o`frckaVsxh] i<+kusvkSjlh[kusdslkexzhdkforj.kdjsxh] e/;kg~uHkkstucukusvkSjmlsforfjrdjusdsdkedki;Zos{k.kdjsxhA • izkFkfedLdwyksadslkekftdvkWfMVvkSjloZf'k{kkvfHk;ku ,oaizkS<+ f'k{kkdsfy, xzkelHkkvksadkvk;kstudjsxhA

27. iz[kaMLrjh; iapk;rlfefr;kaxzkeLrjdsvkadM+ksadkladyudjsxh ,oaloZf'k{kkvfHk;kurFkkizkS<+ f'k{kkdsdk;kZUo;udki;Zos{k.kdjsaxhA • os ,sls {ks=ksadkp;udjsaxhtgkafo|ky; ughagSaogkafo|ky; dh lqfo/kklqfuf'prdjsaxhrFkkf'k{kkchpesaghNksM+usokyksa dh igpkudjmUgsaiqu% fo|ky; okilyk;saxhA • ftykiapk;r] iapk;rlfefr;ksadsvkadM+ksadkslesfdrdjsaxh] loZf'k{kkvfHk;ku ;kstukvksalfgrftyk ;kstuk,arS;kjdjsaxh] lkekftdvkWfMVdsifj.kkeksaijdkjZokbZdjsxhA • ftysesaizkFkfedf'k{kk] loZf'k{kkvfHk;kurFkkizkS<+ f'k{kklaca/khdk;Zdykiksadki;Zos{k.kdjsaxhA • iapk;rhjktlaLFkkvksadsfuokZfprinkf/kdkjhvius {ks=k/khuizkjafHkdfo|ky;ksadkfujh{k.kdjldsaxsA • mudhfujh{k.kfVIi.khdsvkyksdesa ;Fkkvko';drkfo|ky; izca/k lfefrds }kjkvko';ddkjZokbZ dh tk;sxhA

28. [k- dkfeZd(Functionaries) • iapk;rlfefr }kjkvk;ksftrf'k{k.kdk;ksZa ,oadk;ZØeksa dh leh{kkcSBdksaesaiz[kaMf'k{kkizlkjinkf/kdkjhHkkxyasxs ,oalfefrdksokafNrtkudkjhmiyC/k djk;saxsA • ftykifj"kn~ }kjkvk;ksftrf'k{k.kdk;ksZa ,oadk;ZØeksa dh leh{kkcSBdksaesaftykf'k{kk v/kh{kdHkkxysaxs ,oaftykifj"kn~ dksokafNrtkudkjhmiyC/k djk;saxsA • ftykifj"kn~ vius {ks= esadk;Zjrftykf'k{kk v/kh{kd ,oavuqeaMyf'k{kkinkf/kdkjhdsdk;ksZadslaca/k esadksbZHkhizfrosnujkT; ljdkjdksHkstldsxhrFkkvko';dvuq'kalkdjldsxhA • izkFkfedfo|ky;ksadsf'k{kddsfu;a=.k izkf/kdkjlacaf/krxzkeiapk;rgksxhAosxzkeiapk;rds v/khujgrsgq, viusdk;ksZadkfu"iknudjsaxsAekuolalk/kufodklfoHkkxmudklaoxZfu;a=.k izkf/kdkjcukjgsxkA • izkFkfedfo|ky;ksadsikjkf'k{kddsfu;a=.k izkf/kdkjlaca/k xzkeiapk;rgksaxhAlHkhikjkf'k{kdxzkeiapk;rds v/khujgrsgq, viusdk;ksZadkfu"iknudjsaxsA

29. izkFkfedfo|ky;ksadsf'k{kdksa dh lsok 'krZs@ykHkoghjgsaxs] tksfdxzkeiapk;rdksmudhlsoklkSaiuslsiwoZykxwfu;eksadsvuqlkjFksA • izkFkfedfo|ky;ksadsf'k{kdksadsfjDrinksadksHkjusdsfy, vko';ddkjZokbZdjusdkmÙkjnkf;Roekuolalk/kufodklfoHkkxdkgksxkA • lsokfuo`fr] fuyacu] R;kxi= vkfndsifj.kkelsf'k{kdksadsfjDrgq, inksadksHkjusdknkf;Roekuolalk/kufodklfoHkkxdkgksxkA • izkFkfedfo|ky;ksadsf'k{kdksa dh mifLFkfrdkizek.ku] NqfV~V;ksa dh eatwjhvkSj ;k=k dk;ZØeksadkvuqeksnuxzkeiapk;rdseqf[k;k }kjkfd;ktk,xkA • izkFkfedfo|ky;ksadsikjkf'k{kdksa dh mifLFkfrdkizek.kueqf[k;k }kjkfd;ktk,xkA • xzkeiapk;rvius {ks= dsizkFkfedfo|ky; dsf'k{kdksadksy?kqnaMnsus dh vuq'kalkftykf'k{kk v/kh{kdlsdjldsxhA

30. x- dks"k(Fund) • izkFkfedfo|ky;ksa dh izca/k lfefrdksgLrkarfjrdks"kiapk;rhjktlaLFkkvkas }kjki;Zosf{krgksaxsA • LFkkukarfjrdk;Zdykiksa@fo"k;ksalaca/khdk;Zdjrs le; iapk;rhjktlaLFkk;sa >kj[kaM ,oaHkkjrljdkjdsfoÙkh; fu;eksavkSjfn'kk&funsZ'kksa@fu.kZ;ksadkvuqlj.kdjsaxhA • foHkkxizeq[k@fudklh ,oa O;;u inkf/kdkjhLFkkukarfjrdeZpkfj;ksadsosruvkSjHkÙksvkgfjrdjuktkjh j[ksaxsALFkkukarfjrdeZpkfj;ksadsosrurFkkHkÙksiwokZuqlkjmlh [kkrslsvkgfjrfd, tkrsjgsaxsA • iz'kklhfoHkkxds }kjkvuVkbMQaMds :iesaizkFkfedf'k{kk dh jkT; izk;ksftr ;kstukvksads ;kstukctV dh jkf'kdkU;wureikapizfr”krjkf'k] tks fu/kkZfjrmn~O;; dsvUrxZrgksxh] ftykifj"kn~ dksmiyC/k djkbZtk;sxhA • bldks"klsyhtkus ;ksX; ;kstukvksa dh :ijs[kkiz'kklhfoHkkx }kjk fu/kkZfjr dh tk;sxhA • bljkf'kdk mica/k] vkoaVu ,oafudklhvkfn dh izfØ;kfoÙkfoHkkxdsijke'kZls fu/kkZfjr dh tk;sxhA

31. LokLF; % iapk;rksadsvf/kdkj ,oadrZO; • mi&LokLF; dsanzesaLokLF; lfefrds v/;{k eqf[k;kgksaxsAmi eqf[k;kbldsmik/;{k gksaxsA • ,,u,edkslnL; lfpodknkf;RogksxkA • jk"Vªh; xzkeh.kLokLF; fe'kudsfØ;kUo;udsfy, gjiz[kaMesaiz[kaMLokLF; fe'kucuk;ktk,xkAiz[kaMizeq[k blds v/;{k gksaxsAvU; iapk;rizfrfuf/k HkhbllfefresagksaxsA • izkFkfedLokLF; dsanz ,oalkeqnkf;dLokLF; dsanzesajksxhdY;k.klfefrrFkkvLirkyizca/kulfefresaiapk;rksadkizfrfuf/kRogksxkA • lnjvLirky dh jksxhdY;k.klfefrrFkkvLirkyizca/kulfefresaftykifj"knlnL;ksadkizfrfuf/kRojgsxkA

32. iapk;resaLokLF; laca/khlHkhfo"k;ksadklosZ{k.kdjdsxzkeiapk;rlHkhvkadM+ksadkMkVkcslcukdjiapk;rlfefrdksHkstsxhA • xzkeiapk;rMkVkcsldsvk/kkjijiapk;rlfefr }kjkiz[kaMLrjh; MkVkcslrS;kjfd;ktk,xkA • iz[kaMLrjh; MkVkcsldsvk/kkjijftykifj"kn }kjkftykLrjh; MkVkcslcuk;ktk,xkA • xzkeLokLF;] LoPNrk ,oaiks"k.klfefrrFkk ,p,llhLokLF; lfefrdslg;ksxlsxzkeiapk;r }kjk ,d LokLF; ;kstukcuk;htk,xhA

33. iz[kaMizeq[k dh v/;{krkesalsfeukj ,oadk;Z'kkykdjdsxzkeLokLF; ;kstukvksaijfopkjfd;ktk,xkAlkeqnkf;dLokLF; dsanzdkiz[kaMdk;ZØeizca/kd ,slsvk;kstudkleUo;dgksxkAbldzeesaCykWdgsYFk ,D'kuIykucuk;ktk;sxkA • lHkhiz[kaMksadsCykWdgsYFk ,D'kuIykudsvk/kkjijftykifj"kn }kjkftykgsYFk ,D'kuIykucuk;ktk,xkAftykdk;ZØeizca/kdbldkleUo;dgksxkAftykifj"kn }kjkvuqeksnudscknblIykudksflfoyltZudsek/;e lsjkT; Lrjij ,uvkj,p,edksHkstktk,xkA • iapk;r] iz[kaMrFkkftykLrjijLokLF; laca/khfdlhvf/klajpukdsfuekZ.kgsrqmi;qDrtehudkp;uØe'k% xzkeiapk;r] iz[kaMlfefrrFkkftykifj"kn }kjkfd;ktk,xkAbudk;ksZesaLFkkuh; jktLo ,oaLokLF; dfeZ;ksadklg;ksxfeysxkA

34. LokLF; vf/klajpukvksads j[kj[kko] ejEer ,oalaj{k.kesaiapk;rizfrfuf/k;ksa dh HkwfedkgksxhA • ftysdsleqfpr {ks= esau;kvLirky [kksyusdslaca/k esaftykifj"kn }kjkvuq'kalk dh tk,xhA • iapk;rlfefrrFkkftykifj"kndks ;g vf/kdkjgksxkfdLokLF; foHkkxlaca/khfdlhfuekZ.kdk;Z ;k fdlhifjlEifRrdslaca/k esafdlhf'kdk;r dh tkapdjsAbldsfy, muds }kjk l{kerduhdhyksxksa dh lgk;rkyhtk,xhAbllaca/k esaiapk;rlfefrviuhfjiksVZflfoyltZu ;k ftykizkf/kdkjdksnsxhAftykifj"knviuhfjiksVZmik;qDrvFkokjkT; ljdkjdksnsxhA

35. LokLF; laca/khfofHkUudk;ZØeksa dh ;kstukcukus] izpkjizlkjrFkkfdz;kUo;uesaiapk;rjktlaLFkkvksa dh HkkxhnkjhgksxhAykHkqdksadsp;uesaHkhmudhHkwfedkgksxhA • LokLF; laca/khlkefxz;ksadsforj.k] LdwyksaesaLokLF; dk;ZØe] xzkeLokLF; ,oaiks"k.kfnolbR;kfnesaleUo; esaiapk;rksa dh HkwfedkgksxhA • LFkkuh; LokLF; dfeZ;ksa] ,,u,e] ulZ] lfg;kbR;kfndsdk;ksZdki;Zos{k.kxzkeiapk;r }kjkfd;ktk,xkA • iz[kaMLrjh; LokLF; dfeZ;ksa] MkDVj] ,,u,e] ulZ] ikjkesfMdydehZbR;kfndsdk;ksZdki;Zos{k.kiapk;rlfefr }kjkfd;ktk,xkA • ftykLrjh; LokLF; dfeZ;ksa] MkDVj] ,,u,e] ulZ] ikjkesfMdydehZ] ftykdk;ZØeizca/kubdkbZbR;kfndsdk;ksZdki;Zos{k.kftykifj"kn }kjkfd;ktk,xkA

36. xzkelHkkdsek/;e lsLokLF; lsokvksa dh leqnk; vk/kkfjrfuxjkuh] lks'kyvkWfMVrFkktulaokndjdsxzkeiapk;r }kjkbldhfjiksVZiapk;rlfefrdksHksthtk,xhA • iapk;rlfefrbuvk;kstuksadki;Zos{k.kdjsxhrFkkiapk;rksa dh fjiksVZdsvk/kkjijiz[kaMLrjh; vuq'kalkfjiksVZrS;kjdjsxhAiapk;rlfefr }kjk ,slsekeyksaesalq/kkjlaca/khleqfprdneHkhmBk,atk,axsA • lks'kyvkWfMVdsfy, ftykifj"kn ;kstukcuk,xh] bldki;Zos{k.kdjsxhA • ftykLrjh; leqnk; vk/kkfjrfuxjkuh ,oatulquokbZ dh v/;{krkftykifj"kn v/;{k }kjk dh tk,xhAblesavk;sekeyksaijleqfprlq/kkjlaca/khdnemBkus o ljdkjdksvuq'kalkHkstusdknkf;Roftykifj"kndksgksxkA • rhuksaLrj dh iapk;rksa }kjkckjgyk[k :i;sls de okf"kZdfcØhokysNksVs [kk| foØsrkvksadkfuca/kufd;ktk,xkA ;g dk;Z ,Q,l,l, ykbZlsal ,oafuca/kufu;ekoyhdsrgrfd;ktk,xkA

37. ftykLrjijLokLF; laca/khdfeZ;ksa dh fu;qfDrgsrqxfBrp;ulfefresaftykifj"kn v/;{k dkslnL; cuk;ktk,xkA • LFkkuh; LokLF; dfeZ;ksadsizf'k{k.klaca/khdk;ZØeksaesaiapk;rksa }kjki;Zos{k.k ,oalg;ksxfd;ktk,xkA • LokLF; mi&dsanzdslHkhdfeZ;ksadkosrueqf[k;k }kjkfuxZrmifLFkfrizek.ki= dsvk/kkjijfeysxkA • LokLF; mi dsanzdslHkhdfeZ;ksadsvkdfLedvodk'kdsfy, fpfdRlkinkf/kdkjh dh vuq'kalkdsvk/kkjijxzkeiapk;r }kjkeatwjhnhtk;sxhA

38. iz[kaMLrjh; LokLF; dfeZ;ksadsdk;ksZ ,oamifLFkfr dh fuxjkuhiz[kaMizeq[k }kjkdjdsftykLrjijfjiksVZHksthtk,xhA • iz[kaMLrjdsvjktif=r LokLF; dfeZ;ksadsvkdfLedvodk'kdsfy, fpfdRlkinkf/kdkjh dh vuq'kalkdsvk/kkjijiz[kaMizeq[k }kjkeatwjhnhtk,xhA • ftykLrjh; LokLF; dfeZ;ksadsdk;ksZ ,oamifLFkfr dh fuxjkuhftykifj"kn }kjkdjdsmik;qDr ,oaflfoyltZudksfjiksVZHksthtk,xhA • ftykLokLF; lkslkbVhdsrgrdk;ZjrLokLF; dfeZ;ksadsleqfprfu;kstudslaca/k esaftykifj"knlq>ko ns ldsxhA • LokLF;dfeZ;ksadkftysdsvanjLFkkukUrj.kdslaca/k esaftykifj"knviuklq>koftykLokLF; lkslkbZVhdks ns ldsxhA

39. mi LokLF; dsanzLrjijeqf[k;k dh v/;{krkesaxfBrLokLF; lfefrdksnlgtkj :i;sdkvuVkbMQaMrFkk mi LokLF; dsanzds j[kj[kkogsrqvuqnku dh jkf'kizkIrgksxhA • xzkeLokLF;] LoPNrk ,oaiks"k.klfefrds O;; dh fuxjkuhrFkkxzkegsYFk ,D'kuIykucukusdkvf/kdkjxzkeiapk;rdksgksxkA • iz[kaMLrjvuVkbMQaMrFkkvLirkyizca/kulfefrdsQaMdklnqi;ksxCykWdfe'kudsi;Zos{k.kesagksxkA • ftykvLirkyizca/kulkslkbZVhrFkkftykLokLF; lkslkbZVhds O;; dh fuxjkuhftykifj"kn }kjk dh tk,xhA • iapk;r] iz[kaM ,oaftykLrjijLokLF; laca/khlHkhdsanzksads O;; ,oays[kk dh fuxjkuhlacaf/krLrj dh iapk;rlaLFkk }kjk dh tk,xhA O;; laca/khfjiksVZdkslkoZtfudfd;ktk,xkAlHkhLrjksaijfoÙkh; leh{kk] vads{k.k] mi;ksfxrkizek.ki= bR;kfnlle; miyC/k djkusesaHkhiapk;rksa dh HkwfedkgksxhA

40. is;ty] LoPNrkesaiapk;r dh Hkwfedk ftykis;tyLoPNrkfe'ku¼Mh-MCyw-,l-,e-½ • Mh-MCyw-,l-,e- ftysesa 'kklhfudk; dsrkSjijdk;ZdjsxhAftysesais;tyLoPNrklslacaf/krekeyksaijjkT; dsuhfrdsvykosesauhfrxrQSlysysxh] fØ;kUo;u dh izfØ;k rd djsxh] foÙkh; vkoaVudkslarq"VdjsxhrFkkMh-MCyw-,l-lh- dsizfrosnuijfopkjdjsxhA • ftykifj"knds v/;{k blfe”kuds v/;{k gksaxsAcSBdvk;ksftrdjukrFkk ,ts.Mkis”kdjukfe'ku v/;{k dh ftEesokjhgksxhA • mik;qDrblfe”kudsdk;Zdkjh v/;{k gksaxsA • Mh-MCyw-,l-lh- ftysesais;ty ,oaLoPNrklaca/khdk;ZØeksadksykxwdjusokykfudk; gSAjkT; ljdkj }kjkis;ty ,oaLoPNrkdk;ZØeksa dh jkf'kMh-MCyw-,l-,e- dksnhtkrhgSA

41. xzkeis;tyLoPNrklfefr¼oh-MCyw-,l-lh-½ • gjxkaoeas ,d xzkeis;tyLoPNrklfefr¼oh-MCyw-,l-lh-½ dkxBugksukgSA • blesaukSvFkokX;kjglnL; gksaxsA • bldslnL;ksadkp;uxzkelHkk dh fo'ks"kcSBdesagksxkA • xzkelHkk ,d tylfg;kdkHkhp;udjsxhA • tylfg;kefgykgksxhvkSj oh-MCY;w-,l-lh- dh dks"kk/;{k dsrkSjijdk;ZdjsxhA • ikuhHkjdleqnk; dh efgykdkslfg;kp;uesaizkFkfedrknhxbZgSA • oh-MCY;w-,l-lh- dslnL;ksaesa de ls de 50 QhlnhefgyklnL;ksadkgksukvfuok;ZgSA

42. xzkeis;tyLoPNrklfefrdsdk;Z • yksxksadks [ksrksaesa “kkSpdsctk; ?kjksaesa 'kkSpky; cukusrFkklkoZtfudLFkyksaij 'kkSpky; cukusdsfy, izsfjrdjukA • 'kkSpky; fuekZ.kdslkFkghbldsfu;ferbLrsekydsfy, izsfjrdjukA • xkaoesa 24 ?kaVslkrksafnuis;tyvkiwfrZ dh ;kstukcukukvkSjykxwdjukA • xkaoesais;ty ,oaLoPNrk dh fLFkfrdkvkdyudjdsxkao dh vko';drkdsvuqlkjO;fDrxr 'kkSpky;ksa] lkoZtfud 'kkSpky;ksa] ?kj&?kjis;tyvkiwfrZlaca/kh ;kstukvksadsrgrykHkqdksadkp;udjdsizLrkocukukA • izLrkoftykis;tyLoPNrkfe'kudkslkSaistk;saxsA • izLrkodsvkyksdesaftykis;tyLoPNrkfe'ku dh vksjls oh-MCY;w-,l-lh- dscSad ,dkmaVesajkf'kmiyC/k djk;htk;xhA • oh-MCY;w-,l-lh- viuh ns[k&js[k esais;tyLoPNrklaca/khdk;ZØeksadksxkaoLrjijykxwdjsxhA

43. dukZVd] dsjy o jktLFkku • lÙkkvkSj ;kstukvksadsfodsaæhdj.kdkvPNkmnkgj.kdukZVd] dsjy ,oajktLFkkujkT; dkgS- • f=Lrjh; iapk;rhjktO;oLFkkdksykxwfd;kgSA • 29 dk;ksaZesalsvf/kdrjdksiapk;rdkslkSaikx;kA • ftyk ;kstuklfefrdksçHkkohcuk;kgSA • >kj[kaMesaHkhftyksadksjkf'kfeyrhgS- ysfdu ;kstukvksals ca/ksgksrhgSaAbldsp;u ,oafdz;kUo;uesaLFkkuh; tuççfrfuf/k;ksa dh dksbZHkwfedkughagS] lcdqNÅijls r; gksrkgS-

44. dukZVd] dsjy ,oajktLFkku • jkT;] dsaæ ,oajkT; çk;ksftr ;kstukvksa dh jkf'kdsvykokftykifj’kndksvuVkbZMQaMfeyrkgSA • bl [kqyhjkf'kdksLFkkuh; tuçfrfuf/k LFkkuh; vko';drkvksadsvuq:i [kpZdjrsgSa- • >kj[kaMesaeaf=;ksadksftyk ;kstuklfefrdk v/;{k cuk;kx;kgS-

45. -dukZVd • lHkhftyksaesaftyk ;kstuklfefr ,oamilfefr;ksadkxBugqvkA • ftykifj"knds v/;{k ftyk ;kstuklfefrds v/;{k gksrsgSaA • bldhfu;fercSBdsagksrhgSa- • ftykLrjij ;kstukvksadklesdugksrkgS- • gjlkyyxHkxvkBgtkjdjksM+ #i;s rd jkf'kiapk;rhjktlaLFkkvksadksvkoafVr dh tkrhgS- • ;kstukvksadslkFk&lkFkvuVkbMQaMHkhfn;ktkrkgS- • 11ohavuqlwphdslHkh 29 dk;ksaZiapk;rhjktlaLFkkvksadkslkSaifn;kx;kgSA • bufoHkkxksadsfy, ;kstuk,acukuk ,oafØ;kUo;udslkFk&lkFkvf/kdkfj;ksa ,oadeZpkfj;ksaijiapk;rççfrfuf/k;ksadkfu;a=.k gS- • gjLrjijiapk;r ,oa 'kgjhfudk; dsçfrfuf/k;ksadsfy, vko';d la[;k esafo'ks"kKlykgdkjfu;qägSa-

46. dsjy • 29 esals 13 dk;Ziapk;rhjkt ,oa 'kgjhfudk; dkslkSaifn;sx;sgaS- blesa —f"k] i'kqikyu ,oaMs;jh] eRL; ikyu] lkekftdokfudh] xjhchmUewyu] lkoZtfudforj.k ,oaçk—frdvkink,a] y?kqflapkbZ] ÅtkZ] y?kqm|ksx] f'k{kkvkSj [ksy ,oalkaL—frekeys 'kkfeygSa- • lHkhftyksaesaftyk ;kstuklfefr ,oamilfefr;ksadkxBugqvkA • ftykiapk;rdk v/;{k ftyk ;kstuklfefrds v/;{k gksrkgSA • bldhfu;fercSBdsagksrhgSa- ftykLrjij ;kstukvksadklesdugksrkgS- • gjlkyctVdkyxHkx 22 çfr'krfgLlkiapk;rhjktlaLFkkvksadksvkoafVrfd;ktkrkgS- • ;kstukvksadslkFk&lkFkvuVkbMQaMHkhdjksM+ksaesagksrkgS- ftyk ;kstuklfefrdsfy, ftykLrjijvyxlfpoky; gS- • ftyksadsfy, vyxctVçko/kkugS-

47. jktLFkku • lHkh 32 ftyksaesaftyk ;kstuklfefrdkxBudjfn;kx;kgS- • ;gkafti v/;{k ftyk ;kstuklfefrds v/;{k gksrsgSaA • vkSjrhueghusesa de ls de ,d ckjcSBdvo'; gksrhgS • ftykLrjijxkao ,oa 'kgjdsfy, ;kstuk,acuk;htkrhgSavkSjljdkjQaMeqgS;kdjkrhgS- • lafo/kkuds 73 osa ,oa 74 osala'kks/kudsvuq:iiapk;r ,oa 'kgjhfudk; dsçfrfuf/k;ksadksO;kidvf/kdkjfn;sx;sgSa- • LFkkuh; fudk; viuslalk/kkuksadksviusvuqlkjmi;ksxdjrsgSa- ftykxzkeh.kfodklvfHkdj.kdkftykifj"knesafoy; djfn;kx;kgS- • çkFkfedf'k{kk] —f"k ,oa —f"kfoLrkj dh lHkhxfrfof/k;ka] gkV ,oacktkj] 300 gsDVs;j rd flapkbZ {kerkokysflapkbZlk/ku] efgyk ,oackyfodkl] lektdY;k.kvkfndk;Ziapk;rksadksgLrkarfjrdjfn;sx;sgaS- • gjftysdksgjlky ,d djksM+ #i;svuVkbMQaMds :iesafn;ktkrkgS- jkT; ljdkjlh/ksxzkeiapk;rdksjkf'kHkstrhgS- • [kfutinkFkksaZ dh j‚;YVhdk ,d çfr'kriapk;rksadksfn;ktkrkgS-

49. iapk;rksadsfy, egRoiw.kZ ;kstukvksa dh tkudkjh • jk’Vzh; xzkeh.kLokLF; fe”ku • ekr` ,oaf”k”kqLokLF; dk;Zdze • eq[;ea=h tuuhf”k”kqLokLF; vfHk;ku • izfrj{k.kdk;Zdze] ,uhfe;kfu;a=.k dk;Zdze • uotkrf”k”kq ,oackY;dky dh chekfj;ksa dh lesfdr ns[kHkky • iYliksfy;ksdk;Zdze • Mk;fj;kfu;a=.k dk;Zdze • dSpvijkmaMdk;Zdze] ifjokjdY;k.kdk;Zdze • >kj[kaMjkT; chekjhlgk;rkfuf/k • fpfdRlkvuqnku ;kstuk • jk’Vzh; jksxokgd &osDVj& tfurjksxfu;a=.k dk;Zdze • iqujhf{krjk’Vzh; {k; fu;a=.k dk;Zdze • va/kkiufu;a=.k dk;Zdze • dq’Bfu;a=.k dk;Zdze] ,M~lfu;a=.k dk;Zdze xzkeh.kfodkl xzkeiz/kkudks’k eujsxk fdlkudzsfMVdkMZ rljfodkldk;Zdze lesfdrcatjHkwfefodkldk;Zdze eslksifj;kstuk Lo.kZt;arhxzkeLojkstxkj ;kstuk laiw.kZxzkeh.kjkstxkj ;kstuk bafnjkvkokl ;kstuk

50. lektdY;k.k • lesfdrckyfodklifj;kstuk& vkblhMh,l • nqykjj.kuhfr • dqiks’k.k ,oaLruikulaca/kh • vk;ksMhu;qDrued • foVkehu , • Lo;afl)k dk;Zdze • eq[;ea=h dU;knku ;kstuk • lkbfdyforj.k ;kstuk • dkedkthefgykvksagsrqNk=kokl • fodykaxlgk;rkdk;Zdze • ckfydle`f) ;kstuk • varjtkrh; fookg ;kstuk ty ,oaLoPNrk laiw.kZLoPNrkvfHk;ku Loty/kkjk ;kstuk HkkjrfuekZ.kdk;Zdze Rofjrxzkeh.ktyiwfrZ ;kstuk f”k{kk LokLF; Iyl ckY;koLFkkizkFkfedf”k{kk& bZlhbZ dLrwjckxka/khfo|ky; dSaifo|ky; jk’Vzh; ckfydkizkjafHkdf”k{kkdk;Zdze