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Using Superconductivity in Space F. Cervelli LNF, Februry 16, 2005

Using Superconductivity in Space F. Cervelli LNF, Februry 16, 2005. 100 Years of Super Conductivity. Normal conduction Wire. I. current. Metal atoms oscillate  cause friction  HEAT. Super-Conduction at -270°C (Kammerlingh-Onnes 1911). I.

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Using Superconductivity in Space F. Cervelli LNF, Februry 16, 2005

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  1. Using Superconductivity in Space F. Cervelli LNF, Februry 16, 2005

  2. 100 Years of Super Conductivity Normal conduction Wire I current Metal atoms oscillate  cause friction  HEAT Super-Conduction at -270°C (Kammerlingh-Onnes 1911) I Nobel Prizes in: current 1913 H. Kammerlingh-Onnes Discovery of Superconductivity 1972 J. Barden, L.Cooper, J.Schrieffer Theory of Superconductivity Metals: Pb, Nb, Ti  Atoms rest, Cooper pairs of electrons move frictionless (Quantum Mech.) 1987 G.Bednorz, A.Müller High temperature Superconductivity 2003 A.A. Abrikosov, V.L. Ginzburg, A.J. Leggett Theory of superconductors and superfluids y01K530_05.ppt

  3. He He A magnetic detector is needed to measure the charge of matter/antimatter.

  4. It is now commonly used in medicine - for example NMR - and cyclotron for therapy. It is widely used in recent years for physics research. It is used in Tokamak. Superconducting magnet technology should be developed for Physics research in Space and for Manned Space Flight. It has taken a hundred years to develop the technology of superconductivity for practical applications: lb04k026a

  5. There has never been a superconducting magnet in Space, due to the extremely difficult technical challenges Permanent Magnet STEP ONE: Develop a Permanent Magnet in Space 1- Stable: no influence from earth magnetic field 2- Safety for the astronauts: No field leak out of the magnet 3- Low weight: no iron B = 0.5 Gauss STEP TWO: Develop a Superconducting Magnet in Space Superconducting Magnet With the same field arrangement as the permanent magnet: Except it has 10,000 Gauss field = 1 T

  6. Technical achievement to eliminate quench for AMS-02 It is not possible to quench the coils except by outside heating y04K409a02K216 Harrison.ppt

  7. For a magnet with long duration without refill and light weight, use superfluid Helium Indirect cooling with cold heat exchanger • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • He • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • He • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • He • • • • • • • • • • • • • • He • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • He Normal liquid Helium: -268.85°C Superfluid Helium: -271.35°C has no surface tension In Space: Cold Heat exchanger cannot be uniformly cooled In Space: Cold Heat exchanger is uniformly cooled

  8. Y04K615 Harrison

  9. The AMS detector has been under construction for 10 years. Final ESA thermal vacuum test of the entire detector in 2006. ECAL

  10. Superconducting Magnets for Power Generation, NASA The vapor core reactor for space applications uses a superconducting magnet for MHD power conversion VASIMR configuration with Vapor Core Reactor System Toroidal Magnet Pair Vapor Core Reactor with MHD power conversion Prof. Samim Anghaie, Director, Innovative Nuclear Space Power and Propulsion Institute, INSPI; University of Florida, Gainesville. y04K118a

  11. Superconducting Magnets for Electric Propulsion (JSC) High power electric propulsion such as VASIMR and other applied field plasma rockets relies on the technology of superconducting magnets operating in space. VASIMRIsp ~ 10-30 Ksec y04K117a

  12. Artificial Gravity for Mars Mission

  13. SC for Manned Space Flight

  14. B=0 inside B=0 inside B 1/R B 1/R electric current return of the electric current return of the electric current a) b) -the solenoidal configuration is not adequate and must be adopted a toroidal configuration where the field diminishes at the increasing of the radius; -the outer part of the system must be deployed or assembled in space.

  15. Traditional NASA Mars Reference Design (using absorbing material for shielding cosmic radiation) Used by NASA (JSC) for design studies of costs, technologies and science compared with Superconducting Magnet Technology for shielding cosmic radiation Traditional NASA Design 130 rem Superconducting Technology 45 rem 30 tons Magnet or 1000 tons of Aluminum ISS limit: 50 rem/year

  16. Magnetic shielding of radiation Fe No magnetic field No field Strong magnetic field y04K409

  17. Looking for Technical Solutions (1)

  18. Looking for Technical Solutions (2) Mars Magnet System - Version (102) with existing AMS-02 technology supports Thermal radiation shields Superfluid helium vessel supports 2.1T Propulsion, Energy and Live support, Propulsion, Energy and Live support, 4.5T 6T Crew compartment Ø 15.00 m 1.00 m Ø 4.50 m 7.00 m End Cap toroid Barrel toroid y05K003bV2

  19. 4m 8m habitat Looking for Technical Solutions (3)

  20. 6m 8m 12m 4m habitat Looking for Technical Solutions (4) Toroids of different external radii shielding a ‘Habitat’ volume: energy released by proton in the human body for the MaxSEP and for the galactic protons at solar minimum as a function of the magnetic field intensity at R=R1 The indication of the level of the unshielded GCR total ‘dose’ is reported for comparison

  21. Road Map to the Future recommendations cryocooler development deployable current elements superconducting magnetic system model validation by prototypes (expecially for shielding) study of hybrid solutions ………….. and many other studies

  22. Looking for Technical Solutions (5) Dose [Gy/year] due to GCR proton component at solar minimum inside the shelter as a function of the residual dose due to the MaxSEP inside the ‘shelter’.

  23. V= 111.3 m3 = 3932 cuft

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