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Focus on Safety: Preventing The Top Four Construction Fatalities

Focus on Safety: Preventing The Top Four Construction Fatalities. State Building and Construction Trades Council Funded by Federal OSHA (2012). OSHA Grant Number.

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Focus on Safety: Preventing The Top Four Construction Fatalities

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  1. Focus on Safety: Preventing The Top Four Construction Fatalities State Building and Construction Trades Council Funded by Federal OSHA (2012)

  2. OSHA Grant Number This material was produced under grant number SH-23588-12-60-F-6 from the Occupational Safety and Health Administration, U.S. Department of Labor. It does not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the U.S. Department of Labor, nor does mention of trade names, commercial products, or organizations imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.

  3. Credits ─ Sources of Information • Center for Construction Research & Training (CPWR) • Laborers International Union of North America • U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) • Cal/OSHA • Federal OSHA • Occupational Health Branch, California Dept. of Public Health • The Construction Institute • Associated General Contractors

  4. Topics • The Construction Workforce Nationwide • Fall Hazards • Electrical Hazards • Struck-by Hazards • Caught-in/between Hazards

  5. The Construction Workforce Nationwide

  6. Construction • In 2010, construction workers were 6% of the workforce and 18.5% of the workplace deaths.

  7. Non-English Speaking Workers • An estimated 4.5 million of California’s 17 million workers do not speak English. • Cal/OSHA states that employers must have a system to communicate with employees in a form readily understandable to them.

  8. Nationwide Construction Fatalities by Hazard (2010) Other 43% Caught-in/between 4% Struck-by 8% Falls 35% Electrocutions 10% United States 2010 751 Total Fatalities

  9. What Are the 4 Leading Causes of Death in Construction? • Falls • Electrical hazards • Struck-by hazards • Caught-in/between hazards

  10. Focus Four OSHA Citations • 85% of all citations and 90% of dollars in OSHA construction fines are related to the Focus Four hazards. • 57% of all construction fatalities are related to the Focus Four hazards.

  11. Cal/OSHA’s High Hazard Industry List (2011-2012) - Construction • Roofing Contractors

  12. Fall Hazards

  13. Session Objectives By the end of the session students will learn: • The five main causes of fall fatalities. • How to prevent falls. • How to use a personal fall protection system. • How to use ladders safely.

  14. What Occupations Have the Highest Number of Deaths From Falls? • Construction Laborers • Roofers • Carpenters • Painters • Ironworkers

  15. Falls Are Number One • Falls are the leading cause of construction fatalities. • Falls accounted for 35% of construction deaths nationwide in 2010. Have you, or anyone you know, had a fall on the job? What happened?

  16. Ironworker Dies After Falling Off Beam (California Case Study) • Break into small groups. • Take 5-10 minutes to read the case study and discuss the question. • Report your answer back to the class.

  17. What Should Have Been Done to Prevent This Accident? Investigators said employers should: • Require everyone working at heights to wear fall protection equipment. • Make sure openings are properly covered or otherwise protected. • If possible, provide alternate means of access to the work, such as an aerial lift (zoom boom).

  18. What Are The Main Causes of Fall Fatalities? • Unprotected sides and edges, roof and wall openings, and floor holes • Improper scaffold construction • Improper use of portable ladders • Falls from girders and structural steel • Unguarded protruding steel rebars

  19. Fatal Falls in Construction by Type Causes of death from falls in construction, 2003-2008 Other (26%) From roof (32%) From girder, structural steel (7%) From ladder (17%) From scaffold, staging (18%)

  20. How Can Workers Be Protected From Falling Off an Edge?

  21. Protecting Workers From Falling Off an Edge When workers are on a surface with an unprotected side or edge greater than 7.5 feet above the lower level, Cal/OSHA says employers must provide: • A guardrail system, • A safety net, • A fall arrest system such as a lifeline and harness, or • A fall restraint system

  22. Can You Catch Yourself If You Fall? No! • The average person’s reaction time is half a second. In that time you fall 4 feet. • Gravity pulls you down and your speed quickly increases. • A person who weighs 200 pounds and falls 6 feet will hit the ground with almost 10,000 pounds of force. Catching yourself during a fall only happens in the movies.

  23. What’s Wrong With This Picture?

  24. Unsafe Covers • Covers over openings must be properly marked, positively affixed, and capable of supporting twice the intended load or 400 lbs., whichever is greater. • Covers must be secured in place to prevent accidental removal or displacement. • Marking should read: “Opening-Do Not Remove.”

  25. Working on Scaffolds • Scaffold deaths accounted for 5% of construction deaths in 2008. • About 1 in 5 of the fatal falls in construction are from scaffolds.

  26. Cal/OSHA Scaffold Requirements Scaffolds must be erected and dismantled under the supervision of a “qualified” person.

  27. More Scaffold Safety Requirements • Scaffolds (and all people working on them) must be at least 10 feet from energized power lines. • Must be able to support their own weight and at least 4 times the intended load. • Must have toeboards and guardrails.

  28. What’s Wrong With This Picture?

  29. Improper Scaffold Construction • No guardrails on sides or ends of scaffold. • No safe access to scaffold platforms. • Platforms are not fully planked from side to side. • Missing toeboards.

  30. Steel Erectors • An average of 35 Ironworkers die each year during steel erection. • Fall arrest systems for steel erectors are difficult to set up.

  31. Cal/OSHA’s Steel Erection Standard • All steel erection employees (except connectors) working on an unprotected side or edge more than 15 feet high must use fall protection. • Connectors must use fall protection when working two stories or 30 feet above a lower level.

  32. Then … and Now

  33. What’s Wrong With This Picture?

  34. Not Wearing Fall Protection on Roof Truss • Man on truss is not using fall protection. • Cal/OSHA requires fall protection when employees are walking or working on top plates, joists, rafters, trusses, beams, or similar structural members over 15 feet above the grade or floor level below.

  35. What’s Wrong With This Picture?

  36. Protruding Rebar Hazards • Guard all protruding ends of steel rebar with rebar covers or wooden troughs, or • Bend rebar so exposed ends are no longer upright. • When working above exposed rebar, fall protection/ prevention is your best defense against impalement.

  37. What’s the Best Way to Prevent Falls?

  38. Methods of Fall Protection • What is the difference between fall prevention and fall arrest?

  39. Fall Prevention • Fallprevention systems use equipment to prevent workers from falling. • What are some ways you can prevent falls? • Use guard rails, covers, and fall restraint devices.

  40. Fall Arrest • Fall arrest systems are designed to catch workers after they have fallen. • What are some examples of fall arrest systems? • Fall arrest includes personal fall arrest systems and safety nets.

  41. Guardrail Systems

  42. Safety Nets

  43. Personal Fall Protection Systems (PFP) • Employer must fit and train each worker about PFPs. • Employer must train workers about types of fall hazards, how to protect yourself, and limitations of PFPs.

  44. Inspect Fall Protection Equipment • User must inspect fall protection equipment before each use. • Competent person must inspect fall protection equipment twice a year.

  45. What Are The Components of a Personal Fall Protection System? • Body harness • Lanyard and connectors • D-ring • Anchorage point

  46. Training for Fall Arrest Systems Required training should include: • Explanation of the company’s fall protection policies and systems. • Selection and proper use of Fall Arrest Systems and related equipment. • Selection of adequate tie off point.

  47. Why Don’t Workers Like To Wear Personal Fall Protection Equipment?

  48. Ladder Accidents • Each year, about 65 construction workers are killed by falls from ladders. • Most deaths happen from 10 feet or lower. • Twice as many falls occur when stepping down ladders than when going up ladders. • The main cause of falls from straight and extension ladders is the ladder sliding off its base. • Tie off extension ladders if they are being left in place for access.

  49. What’s Wrong With This Picture?

  50. Unsafe Ladder Use • It’s the wrong ladder to use in this situation. • You should never work on the top step or cap of a ladder. • Make sure that the weight on the ladder will not cause it to slip off its support.

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