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A Study of Digital Ink in Lecture Presentation

Education Technology . goals of talk: - incite your curiousity about the gross impact of subtle design decisions - expose the rich research/development possibilities of dig ink in ed - promote awareness of uw work in education and in digital ink

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A Study of Digital Ink in Lecture Presentation

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  1. Education Technology goals of talk: - incite your curiousity about the gross impact of subtle design decisions - expose the rich research/development possibilities of dig ink in ed - promote awareness of uw work in education and in digital ink - get you to read the paper [NOTE EXAMPLES] - learn from your response to and questions about the work Chi talk will be 20 minutes + 8 minutes of questions; we go first. A Study of Digital Ink in Lecture Presentation Richard J. Anderson*, Ruth Anderson*†, Crystal Hoyer*, and Steven A. Wolfman*‡ * U. Washington, † U. Virginia, ‡ U. British Columbia Steve Wolfman presenting http://www.cs.washington.edu/research/edtech/

  2. Outline • Background & Motivation • Study • Attentional Marks & Hand Gestures • Ephemerality & Persistence • Conclusions & Future Directions Steve Wolfman A Study of Digital Ink in Lecture Presentation

  3. Stress: • Founded in dist & large class studies • Target comm. & interaction • Focus on the classroom • [implicitly distinguish from C2K] Research History Distance & Large Class Studies [SIGCSE ’02, ITiCSE ’02 & ’03] Presenter [SIGCSE ’04] ClassroomFeedbackSystem Ink Study [CSCL ’03] Retro/ProspectiveFeedback Patterns Student Interaction Systems [ITiCSE ’04] [CHI ’03] Steve Wolfman A Study of Digital Ink in Lecture Presentation

  4. Expected Use of Ink As in C2K [GaTech] & eChalk [Freiburg] SmallTalk, Self, Cecil, Java, C# Steve Wolfman A Study of Digital Ink in Lecture Presentation

  5. Common Use of Ink Steve Wolfman A Study of Digital Ink in Lecture Presentation

  6. Outline • Background & Motivation • Study • Attentional Marks & Hand Gestures • Ephemerality & Persistence • Conclusions & Future Directions Steve Wolfman A Study of Digital Ink in Lecture Presentation

  7. Ink Study Frederick Erickson: Qualitative methods in research on teaching Interpretive analysis [Erickson] of 3 courses: • Distance courses (, A / V and ink archives) • “Slideware-style” • Experienced instructors Note: now up to five and soon six. Examples in this talk partially from later instructors. These descriptions mostly hold. CROSS OUT Steve Wolfman A Study of Digital Ink in Lecture Presentation

  8. Prevalence of Attentional Marks Segmented strokes from six hours of lecture into coherent episodes and coded into four categories: Hello world! is 14 strokes Steve Wolfman A Study of Digital Ink in Lecture Presentation

  9. Outline • Background & Motivation • Study • Attentional Marks & Hand Gestures • Ephemerality & Persistence • Conclusions & Future Directions Steve Wolfman A Study of Digital Ink in Lecture Presentation

  10. Understanding Attentional Marks Properties: • brief, simple markings • occur with speech • augment meaning of speech • ad hoc form Is there a linguistic context in which to understand these marks? Steve Wolfman A Study of Digital Ink in Lecture Presentation

  11. Spontaneous Hand Gestures Spontaneous Hand gestures [McNeill]: • are synchronous w/speech • are co-expressive w/speech • lack standard of form Attentional marks share these properties. If I make a mistak Steve Wolfman A Study of Digital Ink in Lecture Presentation

  12. Gesture Types: Iconic First of five gesture types direct representations Steve Wolfman A Study of Digital Ink in Lecture Presentation

  13. Gesture Types: Deictic & Cohesive HP - Lecture 16 - slide 16 - We describe this as Chi2004TemporalGroupingHp16s16 obvious use of checkmarks to indicate progress in stepping thru assembly instructions. This slide also has a temporal grouping of check marks - he put two of the early ones down simultaneously to indicate that the actions took place at the same time. Steve Wolfman A Study of Digital Ink in Lecture Presentation

  14. Outline • Background & Motivation • Study • Attentional Marks & Hand Gestures • Ephemerality & Persistence • Conclusions & Future Directions Steve Wolfman A Study of Digital Ink in Lecture Presentation

  15. Persistent Representation vs. Ephemeral Meaning Steve Wolfman A Study of Digital Ink in Lecture Presentation

  16. Persistent Representation vs. Ephemeral Meaning Steve Wolfman A Study of Digital Ink in Lecture Presentation

  17. Design Recommendations • Separate strokes w/non-homogenous color • Show co-occurrence/ordering w/age cues • Show process w/incremental rendering Steve Wolfman A Study of Digital Ink in Lecture Presentation

  18. “Whiteboard” Effect [Prince] Steve Wolfman A Study of Digital Ink in Lecture Presentation

  19. Candy-Striping [Prince] This is not something we’d put into a class, but it shows the potential to indicate properties like direction, speed, and overlap. Steve Wolfman A Study of Digital Ink in Lecture Presentation

  20. Conclusions • Identified important ink use pattern: Attentional Marks • Established gestural framework for understanding/analyzing Attentional Marks • Demonstrated tension between ephemeral meaning and persistent representation • Generated design recommendations to resolve tension • Characterized instructors’ parsimonious use of UI features Steve Wolfman A Study of Digital Ink in Lecture Presentation

  21. Future Directions • Alternate ink renderings • Augmented transcripts • Keyframing • Deixis resolution for blind students • Improved recognition • Auto-captioning • Link time/speech to slide locations • Further analysis Steve Wolfman A Study of Digital Ink in Lecture Presentation

  22. URLs for More Info UW CS&E Education & Ed. Tech. Group:http://www.cs.washington.edu/research/edtech/ Classroom Presenter:http://www.cs.washington.edu/education/dl/presenter/ [Yasuhara] Steve Wolfman A Study of Digital Ink in Lecture Presentation

  23. EXTRA SLIDES: NEW SURPRISING USE Steve Wolfman A Study of Digital Ink in Lecture Presentation

  24. Surprising Use of Attentional Marks (1 of 3) Closing example C8 37 showing C transforming clear AM ink into artfully functional diagrammatic ink. (Initially, three check marks to show which accounts T1 reads. Later, these same check marks transform into indicators of locks on the records.) Point is, digital ink is a highly flexible and expressive medium, and ongoing analysis of its use in the wild is going to continually expose fascinating new practices. Steve Wolfman A Study of Digital Ink in Lecture Presentation

  25. Surprising Use of Attentional Marks (2 of 3) Steve Wolfman A Study of Digital Ink in Lecture Presentation

  26. Surprising Use of Attentional Marks (3 of 3) Steve Wolfman A Study of Digital Ink in Lecture Presentation

  27. EXTRA SLIDES: MOTIVATING PROBLEMS Steve Wolfman A Study of Digital Ink in Lecture Presentation

  28. B8 46:00; showing cramped use of space Some notes from instructor survey: “”” - If you were going to use the *existing* system (i.e., no system redesigns) again in a similar class next quarter, how would you change YOUR USE? Would you design your lectures differently now that you have the presentation system? fewer slides, more whitespace for writing “”” “”” Please indicate the approximate number of times you did each of the following: (1=Frequently, 2=Occasionally, 3=Rarely, 4=Never) Feel free to supplement with numeric values if you find that easier. … [ ] Used the whiteboard feature. not sure what this is? [ ] Used the minimized slide with surrounding whiteboard. not sure what this is? “”” Feature Discovery Problem; explain why original slide (to simulate minimize as it would be in class) [how would you change your slides to use Presenter in the future?]fewer slides, more whitespace for writing [Used the whiteboard feature?] not sure what this is? [Used the minimized slide?] not sure what this is? Hygenic erase? Steve Wolfman A Study of Digital Ink in Lecture Presentation

  29. “Sticky” Colors B8, 1:53:00; showing cross-dependencies among words Back up with frequent pattern of coming in with one color, diagramming And changing during diagram to show process steps, and going out Using the new color. Steve Wolfman A Study of Digital Ink in Lecture Presentation

  30. “Feature Recovery” Problem B5 21:10 Accidental use of the scrollbar. Both “anchored” and “free” objects in place on the slide. Steve Wolfman A Study of Digital Ink in Lecture Presentation

  31. EXTRA SLIDES: GESTURE TYPES Steve Wolfman A Study of Digital Ink in Lecture Presentation

  32. Gesture Types: Metaphoric abstract representations Steve Wolfman A Study of Digital Ink in Lecture Presentation

  33. Gesture Types: Beats B8, 1:00:00; showing process of algorithm; switches color To show new use of old diagram; uses beat-like gestures To punctuate discussion; overwrites existing ink unclearly Much more ink drawn later on the same slide. Steve Wolfman A Study of Digital Ink in Lecture Presentation

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