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The Progressive Era

The Progressive Era. Muckrakers Industrial Economy Social Problems Unions. Spirit of Progressivism (p.656-7). 1) Populist Roots: but more urban, educated 2) Problems: big business, labor, social welfare, city. Not anti-capitalism 3) Evil lured underneath American life

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The Progressive Era

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  1. The Progressive Era Muckrakers Industrial Economy Social Problems Unions

  2. Spirit of Progressivism (p.656-7) 1) Populist Roots: but more urban, educated 2) Problems: big business, labor, social welfare, city. Not anti-capitalism 3) Evil lured underneath American life expose the evil, and reform will follow 4) Good people & good laws will reform U.S. 5) Protestant, small town upbringing 6) “Creative Nostalgia,” conservative 7) Unique: a reform movement during prosperous times

  3. Muckrakers: 1903-1909 • From Yellow Journalism: reporter clout • Objective press: not political party papers • Expose Evil: big business, politics, drugs, food, consumers, insurance, prostitution • Samuel McClure • Ida Tarbell: expose on Standard Oil • Led to break up of Standard Oil • Upton Sinclair: The Jungle • Led to Food & Drug Administration

  4. Industrial Economy:1900-1917 • Prosperity: more inventions, incomes • Rise, farm prices rise, middle class grows. • Henry Ford & the Model T (Photo) • Assembly line, cheap cars for the masses • Car industry huge impact, roads • Consolidation: Oligopolies • White collar class grows, changes • Middle class culture • Frederick Taylor: scientific management • Factory Work

  5. Henry Ford

  6. Assembly Line: 1 car 93 min.

  7. Model T: $850, 15 million sold

  8. Women & Child Labor • One Third young women worked • Clerical jobs, discouraged from professions • Florence Kelly: Child Labor • Margaret Singer: Birth Control • Triangle Shirtwaist Company Fire (photo)

  9. Triangle Shirtwaist Fire: 1911

  10. African Americans • Jim Crow Laws, 8/10 blacks rural farmers • Lynching: 1900-1914 about 1000 lynched • W.E.B. Du Bois • Niagra Movement: help voting rights, • Fight Jim Crow laws, legal inequality, poverty • NAACP 1910: legal advocates for blacks • Crisis: Du Bois’ magazine for the NAACP

  11. Waco 1916

  12. Oklahoma 1916

  13. Florida 1935

  14. Unions Grow • 1900 about 1 million union members • 1920 about 5 million, or 13% of workers • American Federation of Workers (AFL) Samuel Gompers, skilled workers, 1.7m • Industrial Workers of the World (IWW) Bill “Big Bill” Haywood, more radical, • All workers, foreigners, women and blacks

  15. Leisure & Entertainment • Young pop., more time and money • Movies: 10 million per week • Birth of a Nation: D.W. Griffith • Music: Records, Ragtime, Jazz, Dances • Baseball, College Football, Boxing • Vaudeville (photos)

  16. Vaudeville theatre

  17. Ziegfeld’s Follies

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