Enhancing Data Collection Tools in Research Practice

1. chapter9 Data Collection Tools chapter chapter?? 9 Insert Your Chapter Title Here Data Collection Tools Author name here for Edited books

2. Data Collection Tools • Selection considerations • Research question • Research design • Type of data (quantitative or qualitative) • Population • Two primary categories • Subject-completed instruments • Researcher-completed instruments

3. Subject-Completed Instruments • Instruments that provide quantitative data: • Written questionnaire or survey—questions with a limited number of response options (closed-ended questions) • Self-checklist—limited number of items to choose from on a list. Subjects check items that are completed or that they prefer. • Instruments that provide qualitative data: • Written questionnaire or survey—questions that are open ended (e.g., essay form)

4. Written Questionnaire Question (Quantitative Data) What is your age? • 20-29 • 30-39 • 40-49 • 50-59 • 60-69

5. Likert Scale (Quantitative Data)

6. Self-Checklist (Quantitative Data) • Which of the following activities would you be interested in doing with your teenager during the spring and fall? Please check your top FIVE choices.

7. Written Questionnaire (Qualitative Data) • What did your child like the most about his or her day camp experience? • What suggestions do you have to improve the day camp for next year?

8. Table 9.1

9. Researcher-Completed Instruments • Instruments that provide qualitative data: • Focus group—Open-ended questions are presented to a group of subjects. • Unstructured interview—Open-ended questions are presented to individual subjects. • Observations—The researcher watches what occurs and records the observations. (continued)

10. Researcher-Completed Instruments (continued) • Instruments that provide quantitative data: • Structured interview—The researcher reads a survey with limited response options to the subject (closed-ended questions). • Performance checklist—The researcher checks off skills that can be performed by the subject. • Product evaluation—The researcher evaluates the product of an individual (e.g., a bowl made on the potter’s wheel). • Rating scale—The researcher ranks items from highest to lowest.

11. Focus Groups and Unstructured Interviews The researcher asks open-ended questions to people in a face-to-face format. • What do you like best about the recreation facility? • What do you dislike about the recreation facility?

12. Table 9.2

13. Structured Interview • The researcher interviews a person by reading a written survey with closed-ended questions in a face-to-face format. • The researcher records responses on the survey. • Example: Age question

14. Performance Checklist • The researcher has a checklist of skills and notes what skills the person can perform. • Example: Swim lesson • Prone float on belly • Prone float on back • Bob 10 times consecutively

15. Product Evaluation • The researcher evaluates a product by applying a predetermined set of criteria. • Example: Pottery class • Throwing a pot on a wheel • Thickness of sides is not more than 1/4 inch. • Thickness of bottom is not more than 1/2 inch. • Height of pot is at least 5 inches. • Pot is symmetrical.

16. Rating Scale • Rating scales are often used in competitive sports. • Example: Diving competition • Rating scale from 0 to 10 • 0 means the dive was not performed. • 10 means the dive was perfect.

17. Table 9.3

18. Table 9.3

19. Two Options for Data Collection Instruments • Find a preexisting instrument • Instrument generally has been used in the field. • Instrument has validity and reliability. • Researcher can locate instruments through literature and studies on similar topics. • Create your own instrument • Researcher must field-test. • Researcher must establish validity and reliability.

20. Table 9.4