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Alexander Aleksandrov Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge, USA

Spallation Neutron Source Project: Commissioning Results, First Operation Experience, and Upgrade Plans. Alexander Aleksandrov Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge, USA. Neutrons probe a broad range of length scales. Neutron scattering. Spallation-Evaporation Production of Neutrons.

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Alexander Aleksandrov Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge, USA

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  1. Spallation Neutron Source Project: Commissioning Results, First Operation Experience, and Upgrade Plans Alexander Aleksandrov Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge, USA

  2. Neutrons probe a broad range of length scales Neutron scattering A. Aleksandrov RuPAC 2006 Sept. 10 – 14, 2006 Novosibirsk

  3. Spallation-Evaporation Production of Neutrons Fission • chain reaction • continuous flow • 1 neutron/fission Spallation • no chain reaction • pulsed operation • 30 neutrons/proton • Time resolved exp. A. Aleksandrov RuPAC 2006 Sept. 10 – 14, 2006 Novosibirsk

  4. The Spallation Neutron Source • The SNS began operation in 2006 • At 1.4 MW it will be ~7x ISIS, the world’s leading pulsed spallation source • The peak neutron flux will be ~20-100x ILL • SNS will be the world’s leading facility for neutron scattering • It will be a short drive from HFIR, a reactor source with a flux comparable to the ILL A. Aleksandrov RuPAC 2006 Sept. 10 – 14, 2006 Novosibirsk

  5. The Spallation Neutron Source Partnership SNS-ORNL Accelerator systems:~167 M$ ~20 M$ ~113 M$ ~106 M$ ~177 M$ ~60 M$ At peak : ~500 People worked on the construction of the SNS accelerator ~63 M$ Oak Ridge, TN 35° 49' N , 83° 59' W A. Aleksandrov RuPAC 2006 Sept. 10 – 14, 2006 Novosibirsk

  6. Spring 1999 A. Aleksandrov RuPAC 2006 Sept. 10 – 14, 2006 Novosibirsk

  7. Spring 2000 A. Aleksandrov RuPAC 2006 Sept. 10 – 14, 2006 Novosibirsk

  8. Spring 2001 A. Aleksandrov RuPAC 2006 Sept. 10 – 14, 2006 Novosibirsk

  9. Spring 2002 A. Aleksandrov RuPAC 2006 Sept. 10 – 14, 2006 Novosibirsk

  10. Spring 2003 A. Aleksandrov RuPAC 2006 Sept. 10 – 14, 2006 Novosibirsk

  11. Spring 2006 A. Aleksandrov RuPAC 2006 Sept. 10 – 14, 2006 Novosibirsk

  12. SNS Accelerator Complex Current 1ms Front-End: Produce a 1-msec long, chopped, low-energy H- beam LINAC: Accelerate the beam to 1 GeV Accumulator Ring: Compress 1 msec long pulse to 700 nsec H- stripped to protons Deliver beam to Target 186 MeV 2.5 MeV 1000 MeV 86.8 MeV 387 MeV Ion Source CCL SRF, b=0.61 RFQ SRF, b=0.81 DTL Chopper system makes gaps 945 ns mini-pulse Current 1 ms macropulse A. Aleksandrov RuPAC 2006 Sept. 10 – 14, 2006 Novosibirsk

  13. The SNS Target: 2-MW Design Pits on inner surface in this geometry • Cavitation-induced pitting is an issue. • Options for mitigation: • Materials, Geometry • 25 kJ/pulse at 7x15cm beam size sets of transverse and longitudinal shock wave. • Needs to be exchanged every 3 month 1 mm A. Aleksandrov RuPAC 2006 Sept. 10 – 14, 2006 Novosibirsk

  14. 17 Instruments Now Formally Approved Chemistry to “Genomes to Life” Fundamental Physics to Engineering

  15. The SNS Main Parameters A. Aleksandrov RuPAC 2006 Sept. 10 – 14, 2006 Novosibirsk

  16. Front End (injector) • 65 kV, 45 mA H- ion source • Electrostatic LEBT with pre-chopper • 2.5 MeV 402.5 MHZ RFQ • 3.6 m long MEBT with chopper and beam diagnostics A. Aleksandrov RuPAC 2006 Sept. 10 – 14, 2006 Novosibirsk

  17. 402.5 MHzDrift Tube Linac (DTL) • DTL accelerates beam to 87 MeV • System includes 210 drift tubes in six separate tanks (37m total length) • Inside drift tubes: permanent magnet quadrupoles, electromagnetic dipole correctors, strip-line beam position monitors (BPM) A. Aleksandrov RuPAC 2006 Sept. 10 – 14, 2006 Novosibirsk

  18. Drift Tube Linac in the tunnel A. Aleksandrov RuPAC 2006 Sept. 10 – 14, 2006 Novosibirsk

  19. 805 MHz Coupled-Cavity Linac (side coupled) Bridge Coupler 44 final machining • CCL accelerates beam to 187 MeV • System consists of 48 accelerating segments, 48 quadrupoles, 32 steering magnets and diagnostics (55 m total length) A. Aleksandrov RuPAC 2006 Sept. 10 – 14, 2006 Novosibirsk

  20. Coupled-Cavity Linac in the tunnel A. Aleksandrov RuPAC 2006 Sept. 10 – 14, 2006 Novosibirsk

  21. 805MHz Super Conducting RF Linac (SCL) • SCL accelerates beam from 187 to 1000 MeV • 81 6-cell superconducting cavities in 23 cryo-modules (157m) • Cavities are operated at 2.1K or 4.2K • Two cavities geometries are used to cover broad range in particle velocities Cavities are assembled into strings Medium beta cavity High beta cavity A. Aleksandrov RuPAC 2006 Sept. 10 – 14, 2006 Novosibirsk

  22. Superconducting Cavity Performance Nr of Cavities Nr of Cavities A. Aleksandrov RuPAC 2006 Sept. 10 – 14, 2006 Novosibirsk

  23. Super Conducting Linac in the Tunnel A. Aleksandrov RuPAC 2006 Sept. 10 – 14, 2006 Novosibirsk

  24. High-Power RF Systems • Compact High Voltage Converter Modulators using solid state devices (IGBT) • High-Power RF System: klystrons, waveguides, circulators • 7 402.5 MHz 2.5 MW klystrons • 4 CCL 5 MW Klystrons • 81 SCL 550 kW klystrons A. Aleksandrov RuPAC 2006 Sept. 10 – 14, 2006 Novosibirsk

  25. Digital Low Level RF system Cavity field and phase droop with feedback alone (left) and feedback + feedforward (right) beam loading compensation. Phase width of the bunch along the pulse with feedback alone (left) and feedback + feedforward (right) A. Aleksandrov RuPAC 2006 Sept. 10 – 14, 2006 Novosibirsk

  26. SNS Central Helium Liquefying Facility • Cold box specifications are: • 8300 Watts on the shield • 2400 Watts @ 2.1Kelvin • 15g/s Liquefaction A. Aleksandrov RuPAC 2006 Sept. 10 – 14, 2006 Novosibirsk

  27. The SNS Accumulator Ring Circumference 248 m Energy 1 GeV Revolution period 1 μs Number of turns 1060 Final Intensity 1.5x1014 Peak Current 52 A Number of magnets >300 (bend and focusing) A. Aleksandrov RuPAC 2006 Sept. 10 – 14, 2006 Novosibirsk

  28. Ring Installation Progress A. Aleksandrov RuPAC 2006 Sept. 10 – 14, 2006 Novosibirsk

  29. SNS Liquid Mercury Target A. Aleksandrov RuPAC 2006 Sept. 10 – 14, 2006 Novosibirsk

  30. SNS Remote Handling Manipulators A. Aleksandrov RuPAC 2006 Sept. 10 – 14, 2006 Novosibirsk

  31. Commissioning Timeline 2003 2002 2004 2006 2005 Front-End DTL/CCL SCL DTL Tank 1 Ring DTL Tanks 1-3 Target A. Aleksandrov RuPAC 2006 Sept. 10 – 14, 2006 Novosibirsk

  32. 5x1013/pulse Protons Delivered to the Target Ring Beam Current Monitor Beam on Target View Screen Final RTBT Beam Current Monitor A. Aleksandrov RuPAC 2006 Sept. 10 – 14, 2006 Novosibirsk

  33. 1st “Production Run” A. Aleksandrov RuPAC 2006 Sept. 10 – 14, 2006 Novosibirsk

  34. Transition to Operation FY07 FY08 FY09 A. Aleksandrov RuPAC 2006 Sept. 10 – 14, 2006 Novosibirsk

  35. The SNS Power Upgrade Main Parameters A. Aleksandrov RuPAC 2006 Sept. 10 – 14, 2006 Novosibirsk

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