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The Language of Chemistry

The Language of Chemistry. Matter, Symbols, Formulas & Chemical Equations . Atoms. All matter is composed of atoms. Atoms are often called the building blocks of matter. Element. Matter that is made up of only one kind of atom . Is water an element?. NO.

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The Language of Chemistry

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  1. The Language of Chemistry Matter, Symbols, Formulas & Chemical Equations

  2. Atoms • All matter is composed of atoms. Atoms are often called the building blocks of matter

  3. Element • Matter that is made up of only one kind of atom

  4. Is water an element? NO Water contains two different elements: hydrogen and oxygen

  5. Compound • A substance composed of the atoms of two or more elements joined together chemically Examples of Compounds: • Water = H20 • Table Salt = NaCl • Ammonia = NH3 • Baking Soda = NaHCO3 • Chalk = CaCO3 • Octane = C8H18

  6. Molecule • A collection of atoms that move and act together as a single entity • Atoms of a molecule are held together by chemical bonds

  7. Chemical Symbols • Some symbols are a single letter as: H, B, C, N, O, F, K • Other symbols are 2 letters, but only the first letter is capitalized: He, Li, Be, Ne, Na, Mg, Al • Note: Co ≠ CO & Ni ≠ NI

  8. Chemical equations tell you the following • The substances that react together. • The substances that are formed. • The amounts of each substance involved. • The arrow  is read as "yields".

  9. Chemical equations tell you the following HCl + NaOH NaCl + H2O Reactants The substances that react together Products The substances that are formed

  10. These numbers are found in a chemical equation Subscripts The small numbers to the lower right of chemical symbols. Subscripts represent the number of atoms of each element in the molecule. Coefficients • The large numbers in front of chemical formulas. Coefficients represent the number of molecules of the substance in the reaction.

  11. These numbers are found in a chemical equation Just as subscripts of 1 are never written, coefficients of 1 are not written either. Both are "understood". 2Fe2O3 coefficient subscripts

  12. Using coefficients and subscripts to count atoms in equations: • Multiply the coefficient in front of the chemical formula by the subscript after the atom. # of atoms = coefficient x subscript Example: How many atoms of hydrogen and oxygen are represented in 2H2O? # of H atoms = coefficient 2 x subscript 2 = 4 # of O atoms = coefficient 2 x subscript 1 = 2

  13. Using coefficients and subscripts to count atoms in equations cont: • Atoms found inside parenthesis in a formula have two subscripts. The subscript to the right of the parenthesis goes to all atoms inside. # of atoms = coefficient X subscript inside ( ) X subscript outside ( ) • Example: How many of each type of atom are represented by: 2Al2(SO4)3 • # of Al atoms = 2 X 2 = 4 • # of S atoms = 2 X 1 X 3 = 6 • # of O atoms = 2 X 4 X 3 = 24

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