Building a New Society:

1. Building a New Society: Government and US History

2. The Enlightenment • Reason replacing ignorance, superstition, and tyranny. • Scientific Method-Test all assumptions or hypotheses • New Technologies • Market Economics-Capitalism • The people of the nation are sovereign. • Possibly, the creation of the United States was the culminating event of the Enlightenment!

3. An introduction to the enlightenment.

4. A British Heritage King John & The Magna Carta: 1215 • Limited government • Self-government • Representative government: • Two-chambered- (1)House of Lords & • House of Commons (2) • The system of “common law” • The Rights of the Englishmen

5. Thomas Hobbes wrote Leviathan. Did he have much faith in man? "Life is nasty, cruel, and brutish!"

6. Absolute Monarch?

7. The ideas of thinkers such as… • John Locke: “natural rights”to “life, liberty, and property”. • took Hobbes Social Contract theory a step further… • man had the “right” to overthrow his govt. when his rights were no longer being upheld. (contract!)

8. Taking it one step further…

9. Whom else influenced our founding fathers? • Baron de Montesquieu: • The idea of separation of powers • the legislative • the executive • the judiciary *Primary Source Reading

10. Whom else influenced our founding fathers? • Rousseau: • All men being equal • Neither bad… • Nor good… • Corrupted by society

11. What did the contributors promote?

12. How far should one bend if the social contract is being broken? What original plan for self-government is being signed here?

13. Compare and contrast Locke and Hobbes

14. Colonial Foundations (the economy) The Atlantic Slave Trade

15. Colonial Foundations(the economy)Mercantilism A Nation's Prosperity = the supply of gold bullion. Navigation Act of 1651 Navigation Act of 1660 Export more to obtain more gold Import less to avoid losing gold Trade Restrictions

16. The Road to RevolutionThe Burdens of the New Empire • The British government decides to dominate • They end “salutary neglect” • The effect of French Indian War • They try to take greater control over North America • to minimize costs • to increase revenue

17. The Road to RevolutionThe Stamp Act Crisis of 1765 • A tax on • Legal documents • Permits • Contracts • Newspapers • Wills • Pamphlets • Playing cards In addition, a Sugar Act was passed: smugglers no longer tried in colonial courts!

18. Did the colonists really want to break away from England? Should they? Go to clip, “Reluctant Revolutionaries” and The Stamp Act readings (sheg)

19. The Boston Massacre (1770)& The Boston Tea Party (1773)

20. Response to Boston is to tighten control… Cartoon of America being raped by the British following the 1774 Coercive, or “Intolerable Acts”. It stripped Mass. of self government!

21. Where was this all going? • “No taxation without representation” • Townshend Acts, Quartering Act • First Continental Congress • Common Sense • by Thomas Paine Carpenters’ Hall

22. Thomas Paine and Common Sense

23. Second Continental Congress (1775) • Though fighting had broken out… • Recognized the Continental Army • George Washington as Commander “Yankee Doodle” The Story of Us: Rebels min.22-37

24. FYI…The penalty for treason: • “The penalty for treason was to be hanged, cut down while still alive, disemboweled and forced to watch your organs burned before your eyes, then beheaded and quartered. The widows of such traitors would be deprived of their estates and their children subject to a life of opprobrium.”

25. The Declaration of Independence Ideas especially from Locke Was a call to revolution, but became the basis for our Constitution 1) Statement of purp. 2) Greivences 3) Resolution Three parts: USH Go to Matrix of Excerpts Activity

26. What went into the Declaration?

27. A declaration is made…

28. The Articles of Confederation • first govt. of U.S. • VERY weak federal gov • “League of friendship” Characteristics: • Unicameral Congress • No executive • No federal courts • One delegate EACH

29. Did the Articles of Confederation succeed?

30. Why did the Articles fail? • Weaknesses: • Too weak of a national govt. • Congress had no power to tax! • No regulation of trade • Nine states to pass laws • Changing the Articles required ALL • Main issue: No money, no power • Leads to: Shays’s Rebellion

31. What two groups began to emerge? • The Federalists • They included Madison, Hamilton, Jay, (from VA) • Wealthy, aristocratic • bankers, had property • Afraid of “tyranny of the majority” • Strongcentral govt.

32. How did this influence our govt? • They wanted a “Republic” promoting the public good (not the same as democracy). • Protection of minority rights (themselves!). • Authority through chosen representatives • The Roman Republic as a basis

33. Opposing Group: • Anti-Federalists • Included Jefferson, Patrick Henry, Mason • Newly emerging Middle-class, small farmers, shopkeepers • “the common man” • Feared a strong national govt.

34. How were our founders influenced by Ancient Rome?

35. Activity: • CP Civics: Federalist vs. Antifederalist slogans • US History: Compromises of the Constitution • AP US Government: Three-Step Interview. Question: Who were right on opinions of the Constitution? Federalists, Antifederalists, or neither? Why? (Each partner plays interviewer and interviewee)