1 / 46

The Cold War: 1947-1991

The Cold War: 1947-1991. The Cold War: “Big Three” at Yalta. “Big Three” at Potsdam: Atlee, Truman, Stalin. The Ideological Struggle. Soviet & Eastern Bloc Nations [“Iron Curtain”]. US & the Western Democracies. GOAL  spread world-wide Communism.

binh
Download Presentation

The Cold War: 1947-1991

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. The Cold War:1947-1991

  2. The Cold War: “Big Three” at Yalta

  3. “Big Three” at Potsdam: Atlee, Truman, Stalin

  4. The Ideological Struggle Soviet & Eastern Bloc Nations[“Iron Curtain”] US & the Western Democracies GOAL spread world-wide Communism GOAL “Containment” of Communism & the eventual collapse of the Communist world. • METHODOLOGIES: • Espionage [KGB vs. CIA] • Arms Race • Ideological Competition for the Third World peoples [Communist govt. & command economy vs. democratic govt. & capitalist economy]  “proxy wars” • Bi-Polarization of Europe [NATO vs. Warsaw Pact]

  5. The “Iron Curtain” From Stettin in the Balkans, to Trieste in the Adriatic, an iron curtain has descended across the Continent. Behind that line lies the ancient capitals of Central and Eastern Europe.-- Sir Winston Churchill, 1946

  6. Truman Doctrine [1947] • The U. S. should support free peoples throughout the world. • The U.S. gave $400 million in aid. • Marshall Plan [1948] • “European Recovery Program.” • The U. S. should provide aid to all European nations that need it. This move is not against any country or doctrine, but against hunger, poverty, desperation, and chaos. • $12.5 billion of US aid Europe.

  7. Truman Doctrine

  8. Marshall Plan countries (blue)

  9. Recipients: Marshall Plan aid

  10. Marshall Plan

  11. political cartoon: Stalin’s decision

  12. Post-War Germany

  13. Berlin Blockade & Airlift (1948-49)

  14. North Atlantic Treaty Organization (1949) Warsaw Pact (1955)

  15. NATO and Warsaw pacts (1950)

  16. The Arms Race:A “Missile Gap?” • The Soviet Union exploded its first A-bomb in 1949. • Now there were two nuclear superpowers!

  17. Premier Nikita Khrushchev About the capitalist states, it doesn't depend on you whether we (Soviet Union) exist.If you don't like us, don't accept our invitations, and don'tinvite us to come to see you. Whether you like it our not, history is on our side. We will bury you. -- 1956 De-Stalinization Program

  18. Mao’s Revolution: 1949 Who lost China? – A 2nd}Power!

  19. The Korean War (1950-1953) Kim Il-Sung Syngman Rhee “Domino Theory”

  20. The Suez Crisis: 1956-1957

  21. Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty

  22. The Hungarian Uprising: 1956 Imre Nagy, HungarianPrime Minister • Promised free elections. • This could lead to the end of communist rule in Hungary.

  23. Sputnik I (1957) The Russians have beaten America in space—they have the technological edge!

  24. U-2 Spy Incident (1960) Plane was shot down over Soviet airspace.

  25. Paris, 1961 Khrushchev & JFK meet to discuss Berlin and nuclear proliferation. Khrushchev thinks that JFK is young, inexperienced, and can be rolled.

  26. The Berlin Wall Goes Up (1961) CheckpointCharlie

  27. Construction of Berlin wall, 1961

  28. Berlin Wall

  29. Ich bin ein Berliner!(1963) President Kennedy tells Berliners that the West is with them!

  30. Khruschev Embraces Castro,1961

  31. Bay of Pigs Debacle (1961)

  32. Cuban Missile Crisis (1962)

  33. Cuban Missile Crisis (1962) We went eyeball-to-eyeball with the Russians, and the other man blinked!

  34. Cuban Missile Crisis (1962)

  35. Vietnam War: 1965-1973

  36. “Prague Spring” (1968) Former Czech President, Alexander Dubček Communism with a human face!

  37. Decolonization of the British Empire • Britain is in a big debt! • The beginning of the end of the British Empire. • India – 1947 • Palestine – 1948 • Kenya  Mau Mauuprising - 1955

  38. Mikhail Gorbachev (1985-1991) • ‘Socialism with a human face’ • Tries to ease tensions with US • Allowed internal reforms, but didn’t help! • Created Perestroika and Glasnost • P= restructure the economy to produce more consumer goods • G= openness to discuss problems to improve future. Also allows some personal freedoms. • Sparked revolutions throughout USSR and its satellites • 1990- eliminate Stalin’s one party system ….starts revolutions…..in Eastern Europe!!!

  39. Why? Forces toward change and lack of muscles to stop it! Huge debt and lack of competition People wanted freedom w/o admitting it! Perestroika and Glasnost …caused liberalization of satellites So….what happened? (1989-1991) POLAND- 89- Solidarity still popular and asked for free elections…got them after Gorbachev’s perestroika reforms! All but one communist got voted out! HUNGARY- 80’s, practiced ‘communism with a capitalistic facelift’ 89- Social Democrats take charge and decentralize economy and opened borders…flood occurs! Eastern European Revolts

  40. GERMANY- Gorbachev called for more freedoms and open travel…caused mass rioting & protests 1990- Berlin Wall falls….Unification of Germany Czechoslovakia- 89- Velvet Revolution non-violent mass revolts in Prague, led by playwright Vaclav Havel. Movement created a free market and multiparty political system, like in its past. Havel and Dubcek became government leaders Velvet Divorce-93- split of Czech Republic and Slovakia Eastern European Revolts

  41. “Prague Spring” Dashed! Dissidents/playwrights arrested [like Vaclav Havel—future president of a free Czech Republic].

  42. Late 80’s and early 90’s Gorbachev tried constitutional reforms, but it was too little too late. 91 Coup, led by hardliners, tries to overthrow government, fails. People revolt, led by Boris Yeltsin. 12/91, Communist party collapsed due to public pressure. 12/91- USSR collapsed and the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) was created. Marxist era in Europe ended (1870-1991) Fall of the USSR

  43. Yugoslavia- most violent revolt due to its large ethnic diversity. 1991-Bosnia, Croatia and Slovenia got indep. ….Serbs lived in all areas. 1991-Slobodan Milosevic- leader of Yugoslavia (now only Serbia & Montenegro) attacked Bosnia to recapture territory. Used ethnic cleansing against Muslims 1996- Dayton Peace Accord- by UN peace treaty that divided Bosnia. Milosevic now wanted Kosovo, but US intervened w/ bombings 2001- Milosevic put on trial at Hague for war crimes…died before complete. Yugoslavia

  44. Creation of the Welfare State • Limited socialist program. • Natl. Health Care & Insurance Acts • 2. Social insurance legislation: “Cradle-to-Grave” security. • 3. Socialized medicine  free national health care. • Nationalized coal mines, public utilities, steel industry, Bank of England, and trains. • U.K. adopted this between 1945-51, and eventually most of Europe. • ‘SOCIAL SAFETY NET’…VERY POPULAR!!!! • Prospered under Keynesian economics. • Thatcher and Reagan said bad economy is due to over regulations. Clement Attlee

  45. European Economic Integration • 1. 1952  European Coal & Steel Community [ECSC] • HQ in Luxembourg. • “Inner Six”  Benelux nations, France, Italy, and W. Germany. • 2. 1957  European Economic Community [EEC] or ‘Common Market’ • HQ  Brussels • France, W. Germany, Italy, Benelux. NO ENGLAND allowed at first!!! • Created: -A larger free trade area without trade barriers. • -One common tariff with the outside world. • -Free movement of capital & labor.

  46. European Economic Integration • 3. 1967  combined the ECSC & EEC to formthe European Community [EC]HQ  Brussels. • European Parliament. • “Eurocrats.” 518 members elected with limited legislative power. • Court of Justice. • 4. 1991-92  Maastricht Agreements creates • European Union [EU]. • One currency (euro) • one culture • one social area (free frontier- one passport) • one environment (common market) • *High tariffs placed on them • *60,000 person rapid defense force

More Related