Tobacco & Alcohol

1. Tobacco & Alcohol

2. Tobacco • Addictive Drug- A substance that causes physiological or psychological dependence • Nicotine- The addictive drug found in tobacco leaves • Stimulant- A drug that increases the action of the central nervous system, the heart, and other organs

3. Poisonous Substances in Tobacco Smoke • Tar- A thick, sticky, dark fluid produced when tobacco burns • Carbon Monoxide – A colorless, odorless, and poisonous gas • 4,000 chemicals • 43 known cancer-causing compounds • 400 toxins • What's in a Cigarette?

4. Tobacco • Not limited to smoking cigarettes • Smoke from pipes and cigars cause health concerns • Cigars contain significantly more nicotine and produce more tar and carbon monoxide than cigarettes • One cigar = 20 cigarettes (nicotine) • Pipes and cigars increase risk of developing cancer of the lip, mouth, throat, larynx, lungs, and esophagus

5. Smokeless Tobacco • Sniffed through the nose (snuff), held in the mouth, or chewed • “Dip” • 3000 chemicals • 28 cancer causing chemicals • Harmful chemicals are absorbed into the body at levels up to three times the amount of a single cigarette • Leukoplakia- thickened, white, leathery-looking spots on the inside of the mouth that can develop into oral cancer

6. Short Term Effects (5) • Brain chemistry changes • Addiction • Withdrawal symptoms • Headaches, nervousness • Respiration and heart rate increase • Difficulty breathing • Endurance decrease • Irregular heart rate • Taste buds • Dulled • Lose ability to enjoy food • Bad breath • Yellowed teeth • Smelly hair, clothes, and skin

7. Long Term Effects (1) • Chronic bronchitis • Bronchi become damaged • Tar buildup in the lungs • Chronic coughing and excessive mucus secretion • Emphysema • Disease that destroys the tiny air sacs in the lungs • Air sacs become less elastic making it harder to breathe • 80% of persons energy just to breathe • Lung cancer • Cilia in bronchi are destroyed and extra mucus is stuck • Cancer cells can multiply, block the bronchi, and move to the lungs • 90% of lung cancer deaths are caused by smoking

8. Long Term Effects • Coronary heart disease and stroke • Nicotine constricts blood vessel which cuts down blood flow • Plaque build up which can lead to hardened arteries • Arteries that are clogged increase risk of heart attack and stroke • Weakened immune system • Makes body more vulnerable to disease

9. Other Consequences • Cost • Average $8.20 per pack • $57.40 per week • $2984.80 per year • 10 years = $29,848.00 • 20 years = $59,680.00 • 30 years = $89,544.00

10. Why do people use? • Addiction • Peer pressure • Environment • Grow up around it • Friends/family

11. Alcohol • Ethanol- The type of alcohol in alcoholic beverages • Powerful and addictive drug • Fermentation- The chemical action of yeast on sugars • Water, flavoring, and minerals are mixed with ethanol to produce beverages such as beer, wine, and flavored malt liquor drinks

12. Short Term Effects (2) • Slows reaction time • Impairs vision • Diminishes judgement • Too much can cause intoxication • Intoxication-The state in which the body is poisoned by alcohol or another substance, and the person’s physical and mental control is significantly reduced

13. Long Term Effects (2) • Damage to brain cells and a reduction in brain size • Increase in blood pressure, which may lead to a heart attack or stroke • Buildup of fat cells in the liver which can lead to cell death • Damage to the digestive lining of the stomach causing ulcers and cancer of the stomach • Destruction of the pancreas • Damage to relationship with family, friends, and others

14. Factors that Influence Alcohol’s Effects (3) • Body size • Smaller person feels the effect faster than larger person • Gender • Moves in bloodstream faster in females because of smaller bodies • Food • Food in stomach slows down the passage of alcohol in bloodstream • Rate of intake • If they drink faster than the liver can break it down, person becomes intoxicated • Amount • As the amount increases, the level of alcohol in bloodstream rises • Medicine • Alcohol can interfere with medicines; some medicines can heighten the effects of alcohol

15. Binge Drinking & Alcohol Poisoning • Binge drinking- Drinking five or more alcoholic drinks at one sitting • Alcohol poisoning- A severe and potentially fatal physical reaction to an alcohol overdose

16. Effects of Alcohol Poisoning (2) • Mental confusion and stupor • Coma and inability to be roused • Vomiting and seizures • Slow respiration • Irregular heartbeat • Hypothermia or low body temperature

17. Risks of Alcohol Use • Legal issues • Violence • Sexual activity • STI’s, unplanned pregnancy, sexually active earlier • Family • Neglect, abuse, or social isolation • Economic hardship • Mental illness or physical problems • School /Work

18. Benefits of Living Alcohol Free (2) • Maintaining a healthy body • Establishing healthy relationships • Making healthy decisions • Avoiding risky behaviors • Avoiding illegal activities • Avoiding violence • Achieving your goals

19. Pregnancy • Fetal Alcohol Syndrome- A group of alcohol-related birth defects that include physical and mental problems • Effects (2) • Small head and deformities of face, hands, feet • Heart, liver, and kidney defects • Vision and hearing problems • Central nervous system problems, developmental disabilities, poor coordination • Difficulties learning and short attention span • Hyperactivity, anxiety, and social withdrawal

20. Impact of Alcohol Abuse • Driving • Life threatening • Blood alcohol concentration (BAC)- The amount of alcohol in a person’s blood, expressed as a percentage • Driving while intoxicated (DWI) • Driving under the influence (DUI) • 0.08 is legal limit anything over results in drunk driving charge • Consequences of DUI • Injury or death • Arrest, jail time, lawsuits • Severely restricted driving privileges or loss of drivers license • Higher car insurance rates or canceled insurance • Riding in a car with someone who has been drinking can be just as dangerous • DD

21. Alcoholism • Dependent on alcohol • Craving • Loss of control • Physical dependence

22. Alcoholism • Stage 1 – Abuse • Begins with social drinking • May begin to lie to justify drinking • Stage 2- Dependence • Person cannot stop drinking and is physically dependent on alcohol • Tries to hide problem • Performance drops (work & school) • Stage 3- Addiction • Addiction • Liver damage • Withdrawal symptoms