Energy

1. Energy Energy in ecosystems

2. Energy is transferred from one form to another In any energy conversion, some energy is lost. E goes from high to low quality High Quality is highly organized and compact Low quality is dispersed 2nd Law of Thermodynamics Everything has a cost Entropy: Without energy to organize the system, it falls to disorder

3. Endergonic reaction Free E Free E Potential E • H2O + CO2> C6H12O6+ O2 Potential E

4. Exergonic reaction Free E • C6H12O6+ O2 >H2O + CO2 Free E Potential E Potential E

5. Ecosystems depend on the ability of organisms to convert inorganic compounds into food Energy flow through an ecosystem • Initial energy comes from the sun or chemicals • Autotrophs/producers • Convert inorganic compounds into organic compounds • Photosynthesis • Chemosynthesis • Energy is transferred through trophic levels • Producer>primary consumer > secondary > tertiary

6. ENERGY in ecosystems Hydrothermal vents

7. Chemosynthesis • Tubeworms mine for sulfide in the carbonate substrate with their roots • Bacteria living in the tubeworm metabolizes the sulfide and produce chemosynthetic energy that sustains them both • CO2 + H2O + 4H2S + -> CH20 + 4S + 3H2SO4

8. Photosynthesis • 6CO2 + 6H2O > C6H12O6+ 6O2 • 50% of sunlight reaches earth’s surface • 43 percent of the total radiant energy from the Sun is in the visible parts of the spectrum • Most of the visible light that plants use is in the 420-680 nm range

9. Ecological pyramidsBiomass &numbers pyramids • 1 man eats • 300 trout for a year eat • 90,000 frogs that eat • 27,000,000 grasshoppers that consume • 1,000 tons of grass

11. Energy Pyramid 10% 1 lb Tertiary 90% 10% Secondary 10 lbs 10% 90% Primary Consumer 100 lbs 90% 1,000 lbs Producer

12. There is a limit to the links in a food chain • 2nd Law of Thermodynamics • There is a limit to the size of animals. • Unusable tissue • Productivity of producers Aquatic : Nutrients(P) Terrestrial Nutrients(N), Temp. & Climate