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Articles of Confederation and Constitutional Convention

Explore the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation, the events leading to the Constitutional Convention, Shay's Rebellion, and the Great Compromise. Learn about the debate between Federalists and Anti-Federalists.

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Articles of Confederation and Constitutional Convention

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  1. Articles of Confederation and Constitutional Convention Mac 2005

  2. What is the single most significant factor of a Confederation? • Weak Central Government • A loose alignment of independent states • See George Washington reading168-69 • Cite three examples of Washington’s criticisms.

  3. Articles of Confederation • Congress (the central government) was made up of delegates chosen by the states and could conduct foreign affairs, make treaties, declare war, maintain an army and a navy, coin money, and establish post offices. • Measures passed by Congress had to be approved by 9 of the 13 states.

  4. Northwest Ordinance • The Confederation Congress did provide for settlement of the Ohio Territory. • Entering the union • Eastern states had to relinquish claims to western lands (example Maryland) • See map

  5. Northwest Territory • The ordinance organized the territory into a grid pattern for townships.

  6. Confederation Problems • Congress was severely limited in its powers. • It could not raise money by collecting taxes; • it had no control over foreign commerce; • it could pass laws but could not force the states to comply with them. • Thus, the government was dependent on the willingness of the various states to carry out its measures, and often the states refused to cooperate. • The articles were virtually impossible to amend, so problems could not be corrected.

  7. Call For Change • As the need for a stronger federal government began to be realized, leaders from throughout the states got together to decide how to create it. • One example of the need for a stronger central government was Shay’s Rebellion

  8. Shay’s Rebellion • Massachusetts 1786-87 • Tax protest turns violent • Poor farmers couldn’t pay taxes • Asked for redress • Took up arms and were suppressed • Caused-showed problems with the MOB • Leaders were afraid of Anarchy and more support for revising of Articles of Confederation

  9. Philadelphia Convention • Many delegates/leaders gather to revise the Articles of Confederation • Washington, Franklin, Hamilton, Madison… • Decide to make the discussions secret • Immediately decide to start over the process of organizing a national or central government

  10. Virginia and New Jersey Plans

  11. Great Compromise • House of Representatives: • Representation determined by population-more people more reps • Large states get more reps/power • Senate- • Each state gets 2 Senators • Benefits small states

  12. Great Compromise and Slavery • Very Divisive issue • Southern State threaten ratification if Slavery is touched. • 20 year moratorium on addressing Slavery Trade See article I Section 9 • 3/5ths Compromise- Slave populations will count for representation-5 slaves=3 people

  13. Federalists and Anti-Federalists

  14. The Constitution is Ratified • December 7, 1787 Delaware is the first state to ratify the Constitution • Pennsylvania December 12 • New Jersey Dec. 18 • Georgia January 2, 1788 • Connecticut Jan. 9 • Massachusetts Feb. 7 • Maryland April 28 • South Carolina May 23 • New Hampshire, June 21 (9th state to ratify Constitution goes into effect)

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